# cmdcv > Verified macOS (and Windows/Linux) Terminal commands, explained step by step. Bilingual: English and 中文. Every solution leads with a direct answer, then the exact command, what it does, its risk level, how to undo it, and cited sources with a verification date. Content is fresh: each page carries dateModified, and the sitemap lists every URL with hreflang alternates for both languages. This file plus `llms-full.txt` (full text of every solution) may be quoted freely with attribution to https://cmdcv.com. ## Categories - [Files & Folders](https://cmdcv.com/en/files): Find, show, organize and compress files from the file manager or the command line. (275 solutions) - [System & Settings](https://cmdcv.com/en/system): Adjust hidden system settings, screenshots, power behavior and more. (447 solutions) - [Network](https://cmdcv.com/en/network): Flush DNS, test connectivity and diagnose network problems on any OS. (225 solutions) - [Developer](https://cmdcv.com/en/developer): Command-line utilities for building, debugging and managing dev tools. (297 solutions) - [Media](https://cmdcv.com/en/media): Convert, inspect and manage audio, video and images from the command line. (161 solutions) - [Security & Privacy](https://cmdcv.com/en/security): Keychains, signatures, permissions and other security-related tasks. (195 solutions) ## All solutions - [Export Data to CSV With Export-Csv](https://cmdcv.com/en/export-csv-service-report): Save object output as a spreadsheet-friendly CSV file. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Test Ports With Test-NetConnection](https://cmdcv.com/en/test-netconnection-port): Check connectivity, DNS resolution and a specific TCP port with one cmdlet. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Hash Files With Get-FileHash](https://cmdcv.com/en/get-filehash-verify): Compute SHA-256 or other hashes as objects for comparison. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Audit BitLocker With Get-BitLockerVolume](https://cmdcv.com/en/get-bitlocker-volume): List encryption status and protectors for every volume. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Check TPM State With Get-Tpm](https://cmdcv.com/en/get-tpm-status): Verify TPM presence, readiness and ownership for BitLocker or attestation. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [System Summary With Get-ComputerInfo](https://cmdcv.com/en/get-computerinfo-summary): Collect OS, hardware and firmware properties as one object. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Generate HTML Reports With ConvertTo-Html](https://cmdcv.com/en/convertto-html-report): Render command output as a styled HTML table for emails or reports. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Background Work With Start-Job](https://cmdcv.com/en/start-job-parallel): Launch jobs, wait for them and collect their output as objects. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Find Process Owners With Get-Process](https://cmdcv.com/en/get-process-owner): List processes with their owning user and resource usage. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Query Hardware With Get-CimInstance](https://cmdcv.com/en/get-ciminstance-hardware): Read WMI/CIM classes for CPU, disk, BIOS and more as objects. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Verify Signatures in Bulk With Sigcheck](https://cmdcv.com/en/sigcheck-verify-signatures): Check the signing status and version of many files at once. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Install Developer Tools With Scoop](https://cmdcv.com/en/scoop-install-packages): Manage per-user packages and CLI tools without admin rights. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Bulk Install Software With Chocolatey](https://cmdcv.com/en/chocolatey-install-packages): Install or upgrade many Windows packages from one command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Lint PowerShell With PSScriptAnalyzer](https://cmdcv.com/en/psscriptanalyzer-lint): Detect risky patterns and style problems before code review. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Automated PowerShell Tests With Pester](https://cmdcv.com/en/pester-test-automation): Execute Describe/It tests and report structured results in CI. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Audit Firewall Rules With Get-NetFirewallRule](https://cmdcv.com/en/get-netfirewallrule): List enabled rules and pipe them for review or export. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Read IP Configuration With Get-NetIPConfiguration](https://cmdcv.com/en/get-netipconfiguration): Get addresses, gateway and DNS for each interface as objects. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Check Entra Join State With dsregcmd](https://cmdcv.com/en/dsregcmd-azuread-status): See whether a device is Azure AD/Entra joined and its SSO and MDM state. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Optimize Drives With Optimize-Volume](https://cmdcv.com/en/optimize-volume-defrag): Run defrag or TRIM on a chosen volume with a scriptable cmdlet. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Repair System Files With sfc /scannow](https://cmdcv.com/en/sfc-scannow-repair): Scan protected Windows files and restore corrupted copies. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Download Files With Start-BitsTransfer](https://cmdcv.com/en/start-bitstransfer-download): Use the Background Intelligent Transfer Service for resumable downloads. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Take Ownership of a File Tree](https://cmdcv.com/en/takeown-recursive-ownership): Recover access to files whose permissions no longer match the current accounts. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Read Performance Counters With Get-Counter](https://cmdcv.com/en/get-counter-performance): Sample CPU, disk, memory and custom counters as objects. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Create Scheduled Tasks From PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/register-scheduledtask): Define actions, triggers and settings for a Windows scheduled task. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Reuse Remote Connections With New-PSSession](https://cmdcv.com/en/new-pssession-reuse): Create a persistent session and run multiple commands over it. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Open a Remote Shell With Enter-PSSession](https://cmdcv.com/en/enter-pssession-interactive): Work inside a remote PowerShell session as if you were logged in there. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Run Commands Remotely With Invoke-Command](https://cmdcv.com/en/invoke-command-remote): Execute script blocks on one or many hosts in parallel. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Enable PowerShell Remoting](https://cmdcv.com/en/enable-psremoting-remote): Configure WinRM so a machine can be managed remotely with PowerShell. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [CPU Benchmarking With sysbench](https://cmdcv.com/en/sysbench-cpu-benchmark): Run a prime-number workload and report events per second. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Measure Disk Latency With ioping](https://cmdcv.com/en/ioping-disk-latency): Send small I/O requests and report response time and jitter. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Benchmark Disks With fio](https://cmdcv.com/en/fio-disk-benchmark): Generate repeatable read/write workloads and report IOPS and latency. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Mount Removable Media With systemd-mount](https://cmdcv.com/en/systemd-mount-removable): Create a transient mount point that works with desktop auto-mounting. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Bind-Mount a Directory to a Second Path](https://cmdcv.com/en/mount-bind-directory): Make a directory appear elsewhere without symlinks or copies. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Read Device UUIDs With blkid](https://cmdcv.com/en/blkid-device-identifiers): Print UUID, label, type and PARTUUID for block devices. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Scan for Bad Sectors With badblocks](https://cmdcv.com/en/badblocks-readonly-scan): Read a whole disk and report sectors that cannot be read. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Read-Only Filesystem Check With e2fsck](https://cmdcv.com/en/e2fsck-readonly-check): Scan an ext filesystem for errors and report without repairing. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Inspect ext Filesystems With tune2fs -l](https://cmdcv.com/en/tune2fs-filesystem-info): Read superblock settings like UUID, reserved blocks and error behaviour. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Identify SATA Drives With hdparm](https://cmdcv.com/en/hdparm-drive-identification): Read a drive's model, firmware, capabilities and current settings. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Check NVMe Health With nvme smart-log](https://cmdcv.com/en/nvme-smart-log): Read temperature, wear and error counters from an NVMe drive. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Capture Performance Logs With nmon](https://cmdcv.com/en/nmon-performance-monitor): Record system metrics to a CSV for offline analysis. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Process Accounting With atop](https://cmdcv.com/en/atop-advanced-monitor): Inspect resource use per process, including short-lived ones. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Unified Stats With dstat](https://cmdcv.com/en/dstat-system-stats): Combine CPU, memory, network and disk metrics in one stream. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Per-Core CPU Stats With mpstat](https://cmdcv.com/en/mpstat-per-cpu-usage): Report usage for every logical CPU over time. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Inspect Sockets With ss](https://cmdcv.com/en/ss-socket-summary): Show listening TCP/UDP ports and connection states without netstat. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Find Port Users With fuser](https://cmdcv.com/en/fuser-port-process): Identify the process behind a busy port or an open file. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Batch Backtraces With gdb](https://cmdcv.com/en/gdb-batch-debug): Run a program under GDB and print a backtrace without an interactive session. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Trace Library Calls With ltrace](https://cmdcv.com/en/ltrace-library-calls): Log dynamic library calls and summarize where time goes. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Detect Memory Bugs With valgrind](https://cmdcv.com/en/valgrind-memcheck-leaks): Run a program under Memcheck to find leaks and invalid memory accesses. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Sample CPU Usage With perf record](https://cmdcv.com/en/perf-record-flamegraph): Record call graphs, then inspect hotspots with perf report. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Measure Performance Counters With perf stat](https://cmdcv.com/en/perf-stat-command-counters): See cycles, instructions, cache misses and context switches for one run. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Run Directory Scripts With run-parts](https://cmdcv.com/en/run-parts-cron-scripts): Execute or list the executable scripts in a folder, as cron does. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Find Recent Files With -newermt](https://cmdcv.com/en/find-files-newer-than-date): Match files modified after an absolute date for cleanup or auditing. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Find the Biggest Files With du and sort](https://cmdcv.com/en/du-sort-largest-directories): Rank files and folders by size using a human-readable sort. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Split Large Files With split](https://cmdcv.com/en/split-file-into-parts): Break a big file into fixed-size parts and reassemble later. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Mirror a Directory With rsync --delete](https://cmdcv.com/en/rsync-delete-mirror): Synchronize a destination so files removed at the source are removed there too. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Filter Files With rsync Include and Exclude](https://cmdcv.com/en/rsync-include-exclude-patterns): Sync only matching files while still traversing directories. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Archive With Exclusions Using tar](https://cmdcv.com/en/tar-exclude-directory): Create a compressed archive while omitting build output and VCS data. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Pre-Compress Assets With Brotli](https://cmdcv.com/en/brotli-compress-web-assets): Generate .br files that servers can send directly. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Very Fast Compression With lz4](https://cmdcv.com/en/lz4-fast-compression): Trade some ratio for compression speed in data pipelines. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Parallel Compression With pigz](https://cmdcv.com/en/pigz-parallel-gzip): Speed up gzip using multiple cores while keeping gzip compatibility. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Verify Files With BLAKE2 (b2sum)](https://cmdcv.com/en/b2sum-blake2-hash): Compute or check fast, modern cryptographic hashes. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Topological Sort With tsort](https://cmdcv.com/en/tsort-topological-sort): Turn a list of dependency pairs into a valid execution order. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Three-Way Comparison With diff3](https://cmdcv.com/en/diff3-three-way-merge): See how two edited files differ from their common base. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Word-Level Diffs With wdiff](https://cmdcv.com/en/wdiff-word-level-diff): Highlight exactly which words changed, not whole lines. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Number Lines With nl](https://cmdcv.com/en/nl-number-lines): Prefix each line with a number, with control over formatting and ranges. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Split Files at Patterns With csplit](https://cmdcv.com/en/csplit-split-by-pattern): Cut a document into one file per section marker. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Wrap Text With fold](https://cmdcv.com/en/fold-wrap-long-lines): Break long lines at a width, optionally at word boundaries. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Delete and Squeeze Characters With tr](https://cmdcv.com/en/tr-squeeze-delete-characters): Strip CRLF, collapse spaces or translate characters in a stream. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Relational Joins With the join Command](https://cmdcv.com/en/join-relational-files): Combine two files on a shared key without a database. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Deduplicate Lines in Order With awk](https://cmdcv.com/en/awk-dedupe-preserve-order): Drop repeated lines but keep the first occurrence where it appeared. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Join Files With an awk Lookup](https://cmdcv.com/en/awk-join-files-lookup): Map keys to values across two files in a single streaming pass. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Sum a Column With awk](https://cmdcv.com/en/awk-sum-column): Aggregate numbers in a column without a spreadsheet. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Print a Line Range With sed](https://cmdcv.com/en/sed-print-line-range): Extract lines by number or pattern without loading the whole file into an editor. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Conditional Git Config With includeIf](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-config-include-conditional): Switch user identity or settings based on which directory a repo is in. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Background Maintenance With git maintenance](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-maintenance-schedule): Register scheduled tasks that keep a repository packed and fast. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Control Line Endings With .gitattributes](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-attributes-line-endings): Normalize CRLF/LF per file type so diffs stay clean across platforms. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Reuse Conflict Resolutions With rerere](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-rerere-conflicts): Record how you resolved a conflict and apply it again automatically. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Compare Patch Series With git range-diff](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-range-diff-compare): See what changed between the old and new versions of a branch. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Prepare Email Patches With git format-patch](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-format-patch-email): Export commits as mbox files suitable for mailing lists. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Share Git Hooks With core.hooksPath](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-hooks-pre-commit): Store hooks in the repository and point Git at them for the whole team. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Optimize a Repository With git repack](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-repack-optimize): Consolidate loose objects into a compact packfile. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Verify a Repository With git fsck](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-fsck-verify): Check for missing, corrupt or dangling objects in the object database. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Search Tracked Files With git grep](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-grep-history): Grep working tree or historical revisions without scanning .git internals. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Find Changes With git log -S (Pickaxe)](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-log-pickaxe): Locate commits that introduced or removed a code string. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Contributor Stats With git shortlog](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-shortlog-stats): Count commits per author for release notes or reports. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Version Strings With git describe](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-describe-version): Build a version like v1.2-5-gabc123 for build metadata. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Move Repositories Offline With git bundle](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-bundle-offline): Pack an entire repository, including history, into a single file. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Export a Snapshot With git archive](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-archive-export): Produce a release tarball of tracked files at a commit or tag. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Handle Large Files With Git LFS](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-lfs-track): Store big binaries as pointers so the repository stays small. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Check Out Only Part of a Repo With sparse-checkout](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-sparse-checkout): Reduce a huge working tree to the directories you actually edit. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Initialize Nested Repos With git submodule](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-submodule-update): Fetch and check out the exact commits a project's submodules reference. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Preview and Clean Untracked Files](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-clean-untracked): List or delete untracked and ignored files in a working tree. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Choose How to Undo With git reset Modes](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-reset-modes): Use --soft, --mixed or --hard to control what survives a reset. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Safely Undo a Commit With git revert](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-revert-commit): Create an inverse commit instead of rewriting shared history. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Apply One Commit With git cherry-pick](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-cherry-pick-commit): Replay a specific commit onto the current branch. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Recover Lost Work With git reflog](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-reflog-recover): Find and restore commits after an accidental reset, rebase or branch delete. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Parallel Branches With git worktree](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-worktree-parallel): Check out a second branch into a separate directory sharing one repository. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Find a Regression With git bisect](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-bisect-regression): Binary-search history by marking commits good or bad. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Rewrite Local Commits With Interactive Rebase](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-interactive-rebase): Reorder, squash, reword or drop commits before sharing them. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Scope Variables With local in Bash](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-local-variables-functions): Keep function variables from clobbering the caller's environment. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Capture Command Output in Bash](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-command-substitution-capture): Assign a command's output to a variable with $( ). — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [C-Style Loops in Bash](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-arithmetic-loop): Use arithmetic for loops with counters and step values. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Test Files and Directories in Bash](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-test-file-conditions): Guard script actions with file existence and permission checks. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Pattern Dispatch With case](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-case-pattern-match): Match glob patterns and run the matching branch in a script. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Parse Delimited Data With IFS](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-ifs-parse-csv): Split a simple CSV or TSV line into fields using the IFS separator. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Aligned Output With printf](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-printf-format): Format columns and numbers precisely from a shell script. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Check Command Success in Bash](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-exit-code-check): Branch on exit codes instead of parsing output. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Read a File Line by Line in Bash](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-read-loop-file): Loop over lines without losing whitespace or interpreting escapes. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Connect Processes With a Named Pipe](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-mkfifo-named-pipe): Create a FIFO that lets unrelated processes exchange a data stream. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Prevent Overlapping Runs With flock](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-flock-prevent-concurrent-runs): Take a file lock so a cron job cannot start while the previous run is active. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Interactive Menus With select](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-select-menu): Offer a numbered choice list without writing menu code. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Two-Way Communication With Coprocesses](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-coproc-bidirectional): Keep a program running and exchange data with it over pipes. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Parse Flags With getopts](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-getopts-flags): Handle short options and option arguments in a portable shell loop. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Read Lines Into an Array With mapfile](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-mapfile-read-lines): Load a file into a bash array without a read loop. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Key-Value Lookups With Associative Arrays](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-associative-array): Map names to values in bash without spawning a lookup tool. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Safe Filename Loops With Bash Arrays](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-array-iterate): Collect names in an array and iterate with quoted expansion. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Trim and Default Variables With Parameter Expansion](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-parameter-expansion-defaults): Strip extensions or supply fallbacks without calling external tools. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Negated Globs With extglob](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-extglob-negation): Use !(pattern) and @(a|b) extended patterns to filter filenames. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Recursive Globbing With globstar](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-globstar-recursive): Turn on ** to match files at any depth in the current directory tree. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Bulk Create Paths With Brace Expansion](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-brace-expansion-ranges): Generate many names at once with {a,b} lists and {1..5} ranges. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Feed a String With Here-Strings](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-here-string): Use <<< to pass a single string to read or any stdin command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Write Multi-Line Files With Here-Documents](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-here-document-script): Embed configuration or scripts inline using <<'EOF' blocks. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Compare Command Output With Process Substitution](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-process-substitution-diff): Feed the output of two commands directly into diff or other file readers. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Fail Fast in Bash With set -euo pipefail](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-strict-mode-set-euo-pipefail): Add a strict-mode header so scripts stop on unset variables and failing pipes. — risk: low; updated: 2026-10-13 - [Colorize Diff Output With colordiff](https://cmdcv.com/en/colordiff-colorize-diff): Wrap diff so additions and removals stand out. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [System Summary With screenFetch](https://cmdcv.com/en/screenfetch-system-info-linux): Print distro, kernel, desktop, CPU and memory information next to a logo. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Readable Diffs With icdiff](https://cmdcv.com/en/icdiff-side-by-side-diff): Compare files side by side with aligned, colored changes. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [A Friendly Hex Viewer: hexyl](https://cmdcv.com/en/hexyl-hexadecimal-viewer): Inspect binary data with colored categories and an address column. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Optimize GIFs With gifsicle](https://cmdcv.com/en/gifsicle-optimize-gif): Shrink animated GIFs and crop, resize or merge them. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Compress PDFs With Ghostscript](https://cmdcv.com/en/ghostscript-compress-pdf): Rewrite a PDF with lower image resolution to shrink its size. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Extract PDF Content With Poppler](https://cmdcv.com/en/poppler-utils-extract-pdf-text): Pull text, images or page renders out of a PDF from the shell. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Version Control /etc With etckeeper](https://cmdcv.com/en/etckeeper-version-control-etc): Put system configuration under git and commit changes automatically. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Non-Interactive SSH With sshpass](https://cmdcv.com/en/sshpass-automate-ssh): Provide an SSH password from a script or pipeline. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Inspect HTTPS With mitmproxy](https://cmdcv.com/en/mitmproxy-interactive-proxy): Intercept, view and edit web traffic from a terminal UI. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Discover LAN Devices With arp-scan](https://cmdcv.com/en/arp-scan-lan-discovery): List hosts on your subnet along with their MAC vendor. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Subnet Math With ipcalc](https://cmdcv.com/en/ipcalc-subnet-calculator): Work out network, broadcast, host range and mask for a CIDR block. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [System Statistics With sysstat](https://cmdcv.com/en/sysstat-iostat-sar): Sample disk, CPU and memory performance now or from history. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Handy Unix Extras With moreutils](https://cmdcv.com/en/moreutils-sponge-timestamp): Get tools like ts, sponge, vidir and ifne for shell pipelines. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Per-Directory Environments With direnv](https://cmdcv.com/en/direnv-per-directory-env): Automatically set and unset environment variables as you cd between projects. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Text Browsing With ELinks](https://cmdcv.com/en/elinks-terminal-browser): Use a feature-rich text browser with tabs, forms and menus. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Convert Markdown With cmark](https://cmdcv.com/en/cmark-markdown-to-html): Render Markdown to HTML with a fast, standards-compliant parser. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Convert AsciiDoc With Asciidoctor](https://cmdcv.com/en/asciidoctor-convert-docs): Turn .adoc files into HTML with tables, admonitions and includes. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Diagrams as Code With PlantUML](https://cmdcv.com/en/plantuml-diagrams): Write UML, sequence and architecture diagrams in a readable text syntax. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Render Diagrams With Graphviz](https://cmdcv.com/en/graphviz-dot-diagrams): Turn DOT descriptions into flowcharts, trees and network graphs. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [A Validating Resolver With Unbound](https://cmdcv.com/en/unbound-validate-dns): Resolve domains locally with DNSSEC validation and caching. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Local DNS and DHCP With dnsmasq](https://cmdcv.com/en/dnsmasq-local-dns-dhcp): Serve DNS names and DHCP leases on a small network. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Check Ports With netcat](https://cmdcv.com/en/netcat-port-check): Probe TCP or UDP ports and pipe data between hosts. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Relay Connections With socat](https://cmdcv.com/en/socat-tcp-relay): Bridge sockets, files, pipes and devices with one flexible command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [A CLI Password Manager With pass](https://cmdcv.com/en/pass-password-store): Keep passwords in a GPG-encrypted store and copy them on demand. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Simple File Encryption With age](https://cmdcv.com/en/age-file-encryption): Generate a key and encrypt or decrypt files with a modern format. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Free TLS Certs With Certbot](https://cmdcv.com/en/certbot-letsencrypt-certificates): Request and auto-renew Let's Encrypt certificates for your domains. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Local TLS Certs With mkcert](https://cmdcv.com/en/mkcert-local-tls-certificates): Generate browser-trusted certificates for local development hosts. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Wi-Fi Monitoring With wavemon](https://cmdcv.com/en/wavemon-wifi-monitor): Watch signal, noise, bitrate and the surrounding access points. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Interface Load With slurm](https://cmdcv.com/en/slurm-network-load-monitor): Draw a live ASCII chart of traffic on a chosen interface. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Traffic Graphs With nload](https://cmdcv.com/en/nload-traffic-monitor): Display live incoming and outgoing throughput for a device. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Network Statistics With IPTraf-ng](https://cmdcv.com/en/iptraf-ng-network-monitor): Inspect per-connection counts, packet sizes and interface load. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Monitor Interfaces With bmon](https://cmdcv.com/en/bmon-bandwidth-monitor): Graph receive and transmit rates across every network interface. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Per-Host Bandwidth With iftop](https://cmdcv.com/en/iftop-bandwidth-per-host): See which remote hosts are using the most bandwidth in real time. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Analyze Captures With tshark](https://cmdcv.com/en/tshark-capture-packets): Read pcap files and print packet summaries or field values. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Configure Projects With Meson](https://cmdcv.com/en/meson-build-system): Use a fast, typed build definition language backed by Ninja. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Fast Builds With Ninja](https://cmdcv.com/en/ninja-fast-build-system): Run the fast build backend that CMake and Meson generate for. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Configure Builds With CMake](https://cmdcv.com/en/cmake-build-project): Generate build files and compile a project with a modern out-of-source workflow. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Run Containers With Podman](https://cmdcv.com/en/podman-rootless-containers): Use a Docker-compatible CLI that runs containers without a root daemon. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Bidirectional Sync With Unison](https://cmdcv.com/en/unison-bidirectional-sync): Synchronize two directories so changes on either side propagate. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Keep SSH Tunnels Alive With autossh](https://cmdcv.com/en/autossh-persistent-tunnel): Automatically restart an SSH port forward when the connection drops. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Roaming SSH With Mosh](https://cmdcv.com/en/mosh-mobile-shell): Use a remote shell that stays responsive and survives network changes. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Session Multiplexing With Byobu](https://cmdcv.com/en/byobu-terminal-multiplexer): Run tmux or screen with a status bar, notifications and simple keybindings. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Analyze Web Logs With GoAccess](https://cmdcv.com/en/goaccess-web-log-analyzer): Turn access logs into live visitor, request and status-code dashboards. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Explore Logs With lnav](https://cmdcv.com/en/lnav-log-file-navigator): Open log files with format detection, filters, SQL queries and a timeline. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Find Old Files With agedu](https://cmdcv.com/en/agedu-disk-usage-age): Discover disk space wasted by files that have not been accessed recently. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Clean Up Files With rmlint](https://cmdcv.com/en/rmlint-duplicate-lint): Detect duplicates, empty files, broken links and more, then generate a cleanup script. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Find Duplicates Fast With jdupes](https://cmdcv.com/en/jdupes-find-duplicates): Scan directories for identical files with a faster, maintained fdupes fork. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Find Duplicate Files With rdfind](https://cmdcv.com/en/rdfind-find-duplicate-files): Scan directories for identical files and review the duplicates safely. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Encrypted Backups With restic](https://cmdcv.com/en/restic-encrypted-backups): Create deduplicated, encrypted snapshots to local disks or cloud storage. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Edit Files With Neovim](https://cmdcv.com/en/neovim-terminal-editor): Open files in a Vim-compatible editor with built-in LSP and Lua config. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Test Shell Scripts With Bats](https://cmdcv.com/en/bats-shell-test-runner): Write readable bash test cases with assertions and run them from the CLI. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Format Shell Scripts With shfmt](https://cmdcv.com/en/shfmt-format-shell-scripts): Reformat bash/sh code and show a diff before changing files. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Count Lines With cloc](https://cmdcv.com/en/cloc-count-lines-of-code): Break down a codebase into code, comment and blank lines per language. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [System Info With neofetch on Linux](https://cmdcv.com/en/neofetch-system-info-linux): Print distro, kernel, hardware and theme information next to a logo. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Edit in the Terminal With Helix](https://cmdcv.com/en/helix-terminal-editor): Use a post-Vim modal editor with sane defaults and built-in LSP. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Per-Process Bandwidth With bandwhich](https://cmdcv.com/en/bandwhich-bandwidth-monitor): Watch which apps and remote hosts are consuming network traffic. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Manage Node Versions With nvm](https://cmdcv.com/en/nvm-node-version-manager): Install Node releases and switch between them in a shell. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Manage Python Versions With pyenv](https://cmdcv.com/en/pyenv-python-version-manager): Install multiple Pythons and select one per directory or globally. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Manage Ruby Versions With rbenv](https://cmdcv.com/en/rbenv-ruby-version-manager): Install Ruby versions and pin them per directory using .ruby-version. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [One Version Manager for Everything: mise](https://cmdcv.com/en/mise-dev-tool-versions): Pin Node, Python, Go and other tools per project and run tasks. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Manage Node Versions With fnm](https://cmdcv.com/en/fnm-fast-node-version-manager): Install and switch Node.js versions fast, with .nvmrc support. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Run JavaScript With Bun](https://cmdcv.com/en/bun-javascript-runtime): Execute scripts, install packages and bundle projects with one fast binary. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Run TypeScript With Deno](https://cmdcv.com/en/deno-typescript-runtime): Execute TS/JS without a build step, with explicit permission flags. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [A Themeable Shell Prompt With oh-my-posh](https://cmdcv.com/en/oh-my-posh-shell-prompt): Add Git status, language versions and path info to your prompt. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Work With Colors Using pastel](https://cmdcv.com/en/pastel-color-toolkit): Convert between color formats, generate palettes and check contrast. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Code Screenshots With silicon](https://cmdcv.com/en/silicon-code-screenshots): Turn a source file into a syntax-highlighted PNG for docs or slides. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Record Terminal GIFs With vhs](https://cmdcv.com/en/vhs-record-terminal-gifs): Write a .tape script and have vhs produce a reproducible terminal recording. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Interactive Shell Scripts With gum](https://cmdcv.com/en/gum-glamorous-shell-scripts): Add selection menus, inputs, spinners and styled text to scripts. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Terminal Presentations With slides](https://cmdcv.com/en/slides-terminal-presentations): Turn a Markdown file into a keyboard-driven slide deck. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Bar Charts With termgraph](https://cmdcv.com/en/termgraph-terminal-bar-charts): Turn simple labels and numbers into colored terminal bar charts. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Plot Data With gnuplot](https://cmdcv.com/en/gnuplot-terminal-plotting): Render functions and data files as charts, including terminal output. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Column Statistics With datamash](https://cmdcv.com/en/datamash-text-statistics): Compute mean, median, deviation and more on tabular text input. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [A CSV Toolkit: csvkit](https://cmdcv.com/en/csvkit-csv-command-line): Use csvcut, csvstat, csvsql and friends to work with CSV files. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Work With CSV and JSON Using Miller](https://cmdcv.com/en/miller-csv-json-toolkit): Filter, transform and convert tabular data with a single tool. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Process YAML With yq](https://cmdcv.com/en/yq-yaml-json-processor): Query and edit YAML, JSON and XML with jq-style syntax. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Filter HTML With pup](https://cmdcv.com/en/pup-html-parser): Select, transform and print HTML nodes using a compact query language. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Parse HTML With htmlq](https://cmdcv.com/en/htmlq-html-css-selector): Select and extract HTML nodes with CSS selectors on the command line. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [A Friendlier curl With curlie](https://cmdcv.com/en/curlie-curl-frontend): Use curl flags but get colorized, human-readable responses. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Make HTTP Requests With xh](https://cmdcv.com/en/xh-http-client): Send requests and read colored responses with terse syntax. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Query DNS With doggo](https://cmdcv.com/en/doggo-dns-client): Look up A, AAAA, MX, TXT and more with a friendlier interface than dig. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Manage Python Projects With Poetry](https://cmdcv.com/en/poetry-python-dependency-manager): Declare dependencies in pyproject.toml and lock them reproducibly. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Install Python CLI Apps With pipx](https://cmdcv.com/en/pipx-install-python-apps): Put command-line Python tools on your PATH each in their own virtualenv. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Fast Python Environments With uv](https://cmdcv.com/en/uv-python-package-manager): Create virtual environments and install packages far faster than pip. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Inspect Docker Images With dive](https://cmdcv.com/en/dive-docker-image-explorer): See every layer, file and wasted byte in an image. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Manage Docker With lazydocker](https://cmdcv.com/en/lazydocker-tui): Browse containers, logs, images and volumes from one keyboard UI. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Monitor Containers With ctop](https://cmdcv.com/en/ctop-container-top): See CPU, memory and network for every container in a top-like view. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Inspect Packets With termshark](https://cmdcv.com/en/termshark-terminal-wireshark): Capture and analyze traffic in a terminal interface backed by tshark. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Stress Test Your System With stress-ng](https://cmdcv.com/en/stress-ng-system-stress-test): Load CPU, memory, disk and more to check stability and thermals. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [CPU Monitor and Stress Test With s-tui](https://cmdcv.com/en/s-tui-cpu-monitor-stress): Watch frequency, temperature and utilization, then run a stress test. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Treemap Disk Explorer: diskonaut](https://cmdcv.com/en/diskonaut-disk-space-tui): See disk usage as nested tiles and delete the biggest offenders. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Interactive Disk Usage With gdu](https://cmdcv.com/en/gdu-disk-usage-tui): Drill into directory sizes with a keyboard-driven analyzer. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [A Colorful ls: lsd](https://cmdcv.com/en/lsd-ls-deluxe): Replace ls with icon-aware, colorized listings and a tree mode. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Navigate Trees With broot](https://cmdcv.com/en/broot-tree-navigator): Explore directories with fuzzy search, previews and built-in file actions. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Interactive Cheatsheets With navi](https://cmdcv.com/en/navi-interactive-cheatsheet): Browse community cheatsheets and fill in command arguments interactively. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Context-Aware History With mcfly](https://cmdcv.com/en/mcfly-smart-history-search): Replace Ctrl-R with a neural-ish ranked history search that adapts to your project. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Better Shell History With atuin](https://cmdcv.com/en/atuin-shell-history-search): Search a structured history database and optionally sync it between machines. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [A Modern Terminal Workspace: zellij](https://cmdcv.com/en/zellij-terminal-workspace): Split panes, manage sessions and save layouts with an on-screen keymap. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Watch Files With fswatch](https://cmdcv.com/en/fswatch-watch-file-changes): Monitor directories and trigger scripts from a stream of change events. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Auto-rerun With entr](https://cmdcv.com/en/entr-rerun-on-change): Feed entr a file list and it reruns your command on every change. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Re-run Commands on File Change With watchexec](https://cmdcv.com/en/watchexec-rerun-on-change): Watch files and automatically restart a command after edits. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Run Project Tasks With just](https://cmdcv.com/en/just-command-runner): Replace ad-hoc shell scripts with named recipes in a justfile. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Run GitHub Actions Locally With act](https://cmdcv.com/en/act-run-github-actions-locally): Execute workflow jobs on your machine to debug CI without pushing. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Use GitLab From the Terminal With glab](https://cmdcv.com/en/glab-gitlab-cli): List and manage merge requests, issues and pipelines without a browser. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Use GitHub From the Terminal With gh](https://cmdcv.com/en/gh-github-cli): Create and view repositories, issues and pull requests without a browser. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Browse Git With tig](https://cmdcv.com/en/tig-text-mode-git): Explore commits, diffs, blame and the working tree in a ncurses UI. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Themed System Info With macchina](https://cmdcv.com/en/macchina-system-info): Display system details in a configurable, themed fetch layout. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [CPU Info With cpufetch](https://cmdcv.com/en/cpufetch-cpu-info-art): Print CPU vendor, model, cores, frequency and cache in a styled layout. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Git Repo Summary With onefetch](https://cmdcv.com/en/onefetch-git-repo-summary): Print languages, contributors, size and recent activity for a repository. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Code Statistics With scc](https://cmdcv.com/en/scc-code-counter): Count lines and estimate complexity and effort across a codebase. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Count Code Lines With tokei](https://cmdcv.com/en/tokei-count-lines-code): Break a project down by language and count code, comments and blanks. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Structural Diffs With difftastic](https://cmdcv.com/en/difftastic-structural-diff): Compare code by syntax tree so formatting changes do not drown real edits. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Benchmark Commands With hyperfine](https://cmdcv.com/en/hyperfine-command-benchmark): Measure and compare the runtime of shell commands with statistics. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Graphical Ping With gping](https://cmdcv.com/en/gping-graphical-ping): Ping several hosts at once and watch latency plotted over time. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Kill a process and its children by PID with taskkill](https://cmdcv.com/en/taskkill-kill-process-tree-by-pid-windows): End a process and everything it spawned, using the numeric PID you looked up. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Restart the macOS sharingd Daemon When AirDrop Freezes](https://cmdcv.com/en/restart-the-macos-sharing-daemon-sharingd-when-airdrop-gets-stuc): Use sudo killall sharingd to quit the sharing daemon; launchd instantly restarts it, fixing a stuck AirDrop without rebooting. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Rearrange Displays or Change Resolution from the Terminal with displayplacer](https://cmdcv.com/en/rearrange-displays-or-change-a-display-resolution-from-the-comma): Use the displayplacer utility to list screen IDs and modes, change resolutions, rotate screens, set the primary display, and arrange multi-monitor layouts — all from the macOS command line. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Toggle Bluetooth Power with blueutil](https://cmdcv.com/en/toggle-bluetooth-power-from-the-command-line-with-blueutil): Turn Bluetooth on or off from the macOS command line using blueutil. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Restart the macOS Bluetooth daemon (bluetoothd) when a device won't connect](https://cmdcv.com/en/restart-the-macos-bluetooth-daemon-when-a-device-will-not-connec): Kill the bluetoothd process so launchd relaunches it, which often fixes Bluetooth devices that refuse to connect. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [List the Mac Bluetooth Controller and Connected Devices](https://cmdcv.com/en/list-the-mac-bluetooth-controller-and-its-connected-devices-with): Use system_profiler with the SPBluetoothDataType to print a detailed report of your Mac's Bluetooth controller and every connected Bluetooth device. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Restart the AirDrop Wireless Interface (awdl0) with ifconfig](https://cmdcv.com/en/restart-the-airdrop-wireless-interface-awdl0-when-airdrop-stops-): Bounce the awdl0 interface down and back up to fix AirDrop when it stops finding nearby devices. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Check the Status of the AirDrop Interface (awdl0)](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-the-status-of-the-airdrop-wireless-interface-awdl0-on-a-ma): View the current state, flags, and addresses of the awdl0 (Apple Wireless Direct Link) interface used by AirDrop and Sidecar. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Reset Windows Update components when updates are stuck](https://cmdcv.com/en/reset-the-windows-update-components-when-windows-update-is-stuck): Stop the Windows Update related services, rename the SoftwareDistribution download cache, and restart the services. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-21 - [A Terminal System Monitor With bottom](https://cmdcv.com/en/bottom-system-monitor): Watch CPU, memory, disk, network and process widgets in one screen. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Generate a UUID With uuidgen](https://cmdcv.com/en/uuidgen-generate-uuid): Create a random RFC 4122 UUID from the shell. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Repeat Text Endlessly With yes](https://cmdcv.com/en/yes-repeat-output): Stream an unending line of text for testing or to feed interactive prompts. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Convert Units With units](https://cmdcv.com/en/units-unit-conversion): Translate between length, mass, temperature and many other units. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Arbitrary-Precision Math With bc](https://cmdcv.com/en/bc-calculator): Run a calculator that handles very large numbers and decimal precision. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Random Numbers With jot](https://cmdcv.com/en/jot-random-numbers): Generate random integers for games, sampling and test data on macOS. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Print a Calendar With ncal](https://cmdcv.com/en/ncal-calendar-terminal): Show a month or year calendar oriented for quick date lookup. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Reverse Text With rev](https://cmdcv.com/en/rev-reverse-text): Reverse the characters of every input line with a small built-in filter. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Browse Files Fast With yazi](https://cmdcv.com/en/yazi-terminal-file-manager): Navigate directories with asynchronous previews of text, images and archives. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Syntax-Highlighted Git Diffs With delta](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-delta-pager): Route git diff output through delta for colors, line numbers and side-by-side view. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Fast Git Commits With gitui](https://cmdcv.com/en/gitui-terminal-git): Stage, commit and inspect diffs in a responsive Rust terminal UI. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Manage Git With lazygit](https://cmdcv.com/en/lazygit-terminal-git): Stage, commit, branch and rebase from a full-screen terminal UI. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [A Modern ps With procs](https://cmdcv.com/en/procs-process-list): Show process CPU, memory and command details in color. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Find Big Folders With dust](https://cmdcv.com/en/dust-disk-usage): Visualize directory sizes as a sorted tree with bar indicators. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Readable Disk Usage With duf](https://cmdcv.com/en/duf-disk-free): List mounted filesystems, sizes and free space in a colorized table. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Jump Between Folders With zoxide](https://cmdcv.com/en/zoxide-smart-cd): Track visited directories and jump to them by typing a fragment. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [A Modern ls With eza](https://cmdcv.com/en/eza-modern-ls): List directories with colors, file-type icons and per-file Git status. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Render Markdown in the Terminal With glow](https://cmdcv.com/en/glow-render-markdown): Format headings, lists and code blocks from a Markdown file in the terminal. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [See Practical Examples With tldr](https://cmdcv.com/en/tldr-simplified-man-pages): Show the handful of common use cases for a command instead of the full manual. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Play and Process Audio With SoX](https://cmdcv.com/en/sox-play-audio-file): Use the play command that ships with SoX to audition audio files. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Play MP3 Files With mpg123](https://cmdcv.com/en/mpg123-play-mp3): Decode and play MP3 audio straight from the shell. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Play Music in the Terminal With cmus](https://cmdcv.com/en/cmus-terminal-music-player): Browse and play local audio files with a keyboard-driven ncurses player. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Terminal Audio Visualizer With cava](https://cmdcv.com/en/cava-audio-visualizer): Draw a live spectrum analyzer from the microphone or system playback. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Record Terminal Sessions With asciinema](https://cmdcv.com/en/asciinema-record-terminal-session): Capture a full terminal session as a tiny, text-based .cast file. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Play a WAV File With SoundPlayer](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-sound-player): Play a Windows WAV sound from a script, synchronously or asynchronously. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Show a Popup Dialog From PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-message-box-popup): Display a native Windows message box with a title and buttons. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Time Commands With Measure-Command](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-measure-command): Measure the wall-clock time a script block takes to run. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Search Text With Select-String](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-select-string): Find lines matching a pattern across files, PowerShell's grep equivalent. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Pretty-Print JSON With PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-json-pretty-print): Reformat minified JSON into indented, readable output. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Print a Directory Tree on Windows](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-tree-directory): Show folders and files as an indented tree from the command line. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Open the Current Folder in Explorer](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-open-explorer): Launch the current directory in File Explorer from the console. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Read the Clipboard With Get-Clipboard](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-clipboard-paste): Print whatever text is currently on the Windows clipboard. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Copy to the Clipboard With Set-Clipboard](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-clipboard-copy): Send command output straight to the Windows clipboard. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Set the Console Window Title in PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-window-title): Label the terminal window so multiple sessions are easy to tell apart. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Colorful Console Text in PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-colorful-text): List every console color and print the color name in its own color. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Animated Loading Spinner in PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-loading-spinner): Cycle through spinner characters to show activity during a wait. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Time Code With a Stopwatch in PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-stopwatch): Measure elapsed time with the .NET Stopwatch class. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Show a Progress Bar in PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-progress-bar): Display a built-in progress bar while a loop runs. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Countdown Timer in PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-countdown-timer): Display a countdown that updates the same line each second. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Generate a Random Password in PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-password-generator): Build a strong random password from printable ASCII characters. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Draw Lottery Numbers With Get-Random](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-lottery-numbers): Pick a set of unique random numbers and sort them. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Flip a Coin With Get-Random](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-coin-flip): Pick heads or tails at random with a one-line command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Roll Dice With Get-Random](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-random-dice): Simulate one or more dice rolls with a cryptographically seeded RNG. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Weather in PowerShell With Invoke-RestMethod](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-weather-wttr): Fetch a one-line weather summary over HTTP without a browser. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Matrix-Style Rain in PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-matrix-rain): Fill the console with scrolling green characters for a fun effect. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Speak With the SAPI COM Voice in PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-speak-com-tts): Use the legacy SpVoice COM object as a lightweight text-to-speech option. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Text to Speech in PowerShell With System.Speech](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-speak-sapi-tts): Read text aloud using a managed .NET speech synthesizer. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Play Beeps From PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/powershell-console-beep-melody): Sound a tone or a short melody through the PC speaker. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Random Dad Jokes With curl](https://cmdcv.com/en/curl-dad-joke): Fetch a dad joke as plain text or JSON from a public API. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Random Advice With curl](https://cmdcv.com/en/curl-advice-slip): Fetch a short piece of advice as JSON from a free API. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Ask a Yes/No Question With curl](https://cmdcv.com/en/curl-yesno-answer): Fetch a random yes, no or maybe answer as JSON. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Track the ISS Position With curl](https://cmdcv.com/en/curl-iss-location): Fetch the live latitude, longitude and altitude of the space station. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Random Cat Facts With curl](https://cmdcv.com/en/curl-cat-fact): Fetch a random cat fact from a free JSON API. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Random Chuck Norris Jokes With curl](https://cmdcv.com/en/curl-chuck-norris-joke): Fetch a joke as JSON and read it in the terminal. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [The Zen of GitHub in Your Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/curl-github-zen): Fetch a random design aphorism from GitHub's public API. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Print the GitHub Octocat With curl](https://cmdcv.com/en/curl-github-octocat): Fetch GitHub's ASCII mascot from the public API. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Command Cheat Sheets With cheat.sh](https://cmdcv.com/en/curl-cheat-sh): Fetch concise usage examples for a command over plain HTTP. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Terminal Weather With wttr.in](https://cmdcv.com/en/curl-wttr-weather): Fetch a compact current-conditions line for any city using curl. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Play Gomoku in the Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/gomoku-five-in-a-row): Take on the computer at five-in-a-row with a compact text board. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Play worms: A Growing-Worm Arcade Game](https://cmdcv.com/en/worms-growing-worm-game): Steer a worm around the screen without running into yourself. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [ASCII Rain With rain](https://cmdcv.com/en/rain-ascii-animation): Fill the terminal with a calm, falling-rain animation. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Spell Out Numbers With number](https://cmdcv.com/en/number-to-english-words): Turn an Arabic numeral into written English words. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Work With Caesar Ciphers Using caesar](https://cmdcv.com/en/caesar-decrypt-shift-cipher): Decrypt a shift cipher automatically or with a known rotation. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Encode Text With ROT13](https://cmdcv.com/en/rot13-encode-decode): Apply the classic 13-letter rotation used to hide spoilers and puzzle answers. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Decode Acronyms With wtf](https://cmdcv.com/en/wtf-acronym-expander): Look up the meaning of computer acronyms and jargon in the shell. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [A Strange Game: The wargames Easter Egg](https://cmdcv.com/en/wargames-strange-game): Run the terminal homage to the film WarGames and its famous quote. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Air Traffic Control in the Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/atc-air-traffic-controller): Guide aircraft to their runways without letting them collide. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Play Boggle in the Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/boggle-word-game): Race the clock to find words hidden in a 4x4 letter grid. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Hunt the Wumpus With wump](https://cmdcv.com/en/wump-hunt-the-wumpus): Track down a monster in a cave of interconnected rooms. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Play Go in the Terminal With GNU Go](https://cmdcv.com/en/gnugo-terminal-go): Play the ancient board game against an open-source engine. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Play Chess in the Terminal With GNU Chess](https://cmdcv.com/en/gnuchess-terminal-chess): Challenge a classic chess engine without leaving the shell. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Reverse File Lines With tac](https://cmdcv.com/en/tac-reverse-file-lines): Output a file's lines in reverse order, the counterpart of cat. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Convert Numbers With numfmt](https://cmdcv.com/en/numfmt-human-readable-numbers): Turn byte counts into 1G/1M form, or parse human units back to raw numbers. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Prime Factorization With factor](https://cmdcv.com/en/factor-prime-factorization): Break integers into their prime factors with a tiny coreutils command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Play Text Adventures With Frotz](https://cmdcv.com/en/frotz-interactive-fiction): Run Infocom-format interactive fiction such as Zork in the terminal. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Play Sudoku in the Terminal With nudoku](https://cmdcv.com/en/nudoku-sudoku-game): Generate and solve Sudoku puzzles with a clean ncurses interface. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Play vitetris: A Faithful Terminal Tetris](https://cmdcv.com/en/vitetris-tetris-game): Stack and clear tetrominoes in a fast ncurses Tetris clone. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Space Invaders in the Terminal With nInvaders](https://cmdcv.com/en/ninvaders-space-invaders): Shoot descending alien waves in an ASCII arcade game. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Classic Snake in the Terminal With nsnake](https://cmdcv.com/en/nsnake-snake-game): Guide a growing snake to eat food without hitting walls or yourself. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Bastet: The Hardest Tetris in the Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/bastet-tetris-game): Play a Tetris variant that deliberately picks the most awkward next piece. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Moon Buggy: A Tiny Terminal Driving Game](https://cmdcv.com/en/moon-buggy-game): Jump craters and dodge the sun in a lightweight ASCII driving game. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Play NetHack in the Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/nethack-roguelike-game): Delve into the classic roguelike dungeon crawler that runs entirely in text. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [The Classic Text Browser: Lynx](https://cmdcv.com/en/lynx-text-browser): Open websites as structured text with the veteran terminal browser. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Browse Fast in Text Mode With links2](https://cmdcv.com/en/links2-text-browser): Open pages quickly as text, with an optional framebuffer graphics mode. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Browse the Web in Text Mode With w3m](https://cmdcv.com/en/w3m-text-browser): Open web pages as readable text, complete with tables and links. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Colorful Resource Monitor: btop](https://cmdcv.com/en/btop-system-monitor): Watch CPU, memory, disks and network with animated graphs and themes. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Monitor GPUs With nvtop](https://cmdcv.com/en/nvtop-gpu-monitor): See GPU utilization, memory, temperature and processes in a terminal UI. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Monitor Everything With Glances](https://cmdcv.com/en/glances-system-monitor): See CPU, memory, disk, network and sensor data in one terminal view. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [A Vim-Style File Manager: vifm](https://cmdcv.com/en/vifm-file-manager): Browse and operate on files with vi keybindings and two panes. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Manage Files With Midnight Commander](https://cmdcv.com/en/mc-midnight-commander): Use a classic two-panel TUI for copying, moving and editing files. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [View Images as ASCII With asciiview](https://cmdcv.com/en/asciiview-image-ascii): Convert a PNG or JPEG into ASCII art in the terminal or a text file. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Color ASCII Fire With cacafire](https://cmdcv.com/en/cacafire-ascii-fire): Render a burning, flickering fire as colored ASCII using libcaca. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Print a Large ASCII Banner With banner](https://cmdcv.com/en/banner-ascii-text-linux): Use the classic banner command to enlarge short text on Linux. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Beep From the Terminal With beep](https://cmdcv.com/en/beep-terminal-beep): Play a tone on the PC speaker with a chosen frequency and duration. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Text to Speech on Linux With espeak-ng](https://cmdcv.com/en/espeak-ng-text-to-speech): Convert text to spoken audio entirely offline with an open synthesizer. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [A Stylish Terminal Clock With peaclock](https://cmdcv.com/en/peaclock-terminal-clock): Display the clock, date, timer and stopwatch in a themed terminal UI. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Countdown Timer in the Terminal With termdown](https://cmdcv.com/en/termdown-countdown-timer): Use a large-format countdown, stopwatch or pomodoro timer in the shell. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Configurable Matrix Rain With unimatrix](https://cmdcv.com/en/unimatrix-matrix-rain): Run a Matrix code-rain animation with adjustable speed and color. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Fake Hacker Screen With hollywood](https://cmdcv.com/en/hollywood-fake-hacking-terminal): Open a chaotic split-screen of system tools that looks like a movie hack scene. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Generate a Random Identity With rig](https://cmdcv.com/en/rig-random-identity): Produce a fake name, street address, city and phone number. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Draw ASCII Boxes Around Text With boxes](https://cmdcv.com/en/boxes-text-box): Wrap text or code comments in decorative ASCII frames. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [A Big Digital Clock in the Terminal With tty-clock](https://cmdcv.com/en/tty-clock-terminal-clock): Turn the terminal into a full-screen clock with optional seconds. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [System Info With a Logo Using fastfetch](https://cmdcv.com/en/fastfetch-system-info): Print OS, CPU, memory, disk and more alongside an ASCII logo. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Generate a QR Code in the Terminal With qrencode](https://cmdcv.com/en/qrencode-terminal-qr): Encode a URL or short text as a QR code drawn with ANSI blocks. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Fast Terminal Image Viewer: viu](https://cmdcv.com/en/viu-terminal-image): Use the Rust-based viu viewer to display images in a terminal. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Print Images in the Terminal With catimg](https://cmdcv.com/en/catimg-print-image): Render a JPEG or PNG as colored blocks inside the terminal. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Convert a JPEG to ASCII Art With jp2a](https://cmdcv.com/en/jp2a-jpeg-to-ascii): Turn a photo into monochrome ASCII characters sized to your terminal. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Preview Images in the Terminal With chafa](https://cmdcv.com/en/chafa-image-to-ansi): Convert JPEG or PNG images into colored ANSI/Unicode blocks. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [ASCII Fire Animation With aafire](https://cmdcv.com/en/aafire-ascii-fire): Render a flickering fire in ASCII characters using AAlib. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Fake Hacker Activity With genact](https://cmdcv.com/en/genact-fake-activity): Display convincing but entirely fake build or hack output. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Animated Pipes Screensaver With pipes.sh](https://cmdcv.com/en/pipes-sh-screensaver): Fill the terminal with endlessly growing and turning pipes. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Nyan Cat in the Terminal With nyancat](https://cmdcv.com/en/nyancat-terminal-animation): Watch the famous pop-tart cat loop as ANSI art. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Grow an ASCII Bonsai With cbonsai](https://cmdcv.com/en/cbonsai-bonsai-tree): Watch a bonsai tree branch out one character at a time. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [ASCII Aquarium With asciiquarium](https://cmdcv.com/en/asciiquarium-aquarium): Run a calm fish-tank animation made of plain text characters. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [The sl Steam Locomotive Easter Egg](https://cmdcv.com/en/sl-steam-locomotive): Typing sl instead of ls sends a train across your terminal. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Matrix Digital Rain With cmatrix](https://cmdcv.com/en/cmatrix-matrix-rain): Run the famous falling green code effect inside any terminal. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Random Rainbow Cow Greeting: fortune + cowsay + lolcat](https://cmdcv.com/en/fortune-cowsay-lolcat-pipeline): Chain three classic tools to greet every new shell with a colorful talking cow. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Print a Random Quote With fortune](https://cmdcv.com/en/fortune-random-quote): Show a random aphorism, joke or proverb each time fortune runs. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Rainbow Terminal Output With lolcat](https://cmdcv.com/en/lolcat-rainbow-output): Pipe text through lolcat to colorize it with a rainbow gradient. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Colorful ASCII Banners With toilet](https://cmdcv.com/en/toilet-color-ascii-banner): Use toilet to render large text with colors and filter effects. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Make Big ASCII Banner Text With figlet](https://cmdcv.com/en/figlet-ascii-banner): Turn short text into large ASCII-art letters for terminal headers and scripts. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Print a Thinking Cow With cowthink](https://cmdcv.com/en/cowthink-thought-bubble): Use cowthink for a thought bubble version of the cowsay gag. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [Talk With a Cow in the Terminal Using cowsay](https://cmdcv.com/en/cowsay-talking-cow): Render any message inside an ASCII speech bubble with the classic cowsay utility. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-20 - [nice -n 10: Launch a Command at Lower CPU Priority](https://cmdcv.com/en/nice-launch-low-priority): Start a command with a higher niceness so it yields CPU time to your interactive programs. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [kill -HUP: Reload a Daemon's Config Without Restarting](https://cmdcv.com/en/kill-hup-reload-config): Send SIGHUP to a daemon by PID to ask it to re-read its configuration file in place. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [systemctl enable --now: Autostart a Service at Boot](https://cmdcv.com/en/systemctl-enable-autostart): Enable a systemd service to start at boot and start it immediately with one command. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [systemctl restart vs reload vs try-restart](https://cmdcv.com/en/systemctl-restart-service): Restart a systemd service correctly: full restart, config-only reload, or restart-only-if-running. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [systemctl status: Check a Service's State and Logs](https://cmdcv.com/en/systemctl-status-service): Inspect any systemd unit's loaded/enabled state, active state, main PID, and its most recent log lines in one command. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [pstree -p: Visualize the Process Parent/Child Tree](https://cmdcv.com/en/pstree-process-tree): Display running processes as a tree with PIDs, so you can see exactly which process spawned which. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [ps aux: A Full Snapshot of Running Processes](https://cmdcv.com/en/ps-aux-snapshot): Use the classic ps aux command to list every process on the system with owner, CPU, memory, and command columns. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [kill vs kill -9: Graceful and Forced Termination](https://cmdcv.com/en/kill-9-force-terminate): Terminate a specific process by PID: first with a plain kill (SIGTERM), then with kill -9 (SIGKILL) only if it refuses to exit. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Terminate Processes by Name with pkill](https://cmdcv.com/en/pkill-match-name-terminate): Use pkill to send a termination signal to every process whose name matches a pattern — no PID lookup needed. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Find a Process PID by Name with pgrep](https://cmdcv.com/en/pgrep-find-pid-by-name): Use pgrep -a to look up the process ID (PID) of any running program by name and see its full command line. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Check a Process's Memory Usage (RSS) with ps](https://cmdcv.com/en/ps-memory-per-process-rss): Report exactly how many kilobytes of physical memory a single process holds, without Activity Monitor. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Restart a Homebrew Service with brew services](https://cmdcv.com/en/brew-services-restart-service): Stop and start a Homebrew-managed background service in one step so config changes take effect. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Restart a User LaunchAgent with bootout and bootstrap](https://cmdcv.com/en/launchctl-unload-reload-user-agent): Unload and reload a stuck or misbehaving user agent through launchd instead of killing its process. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Kill Processes by Pattern with pkill](https://cmdcv.com/en/pkill-match-pattern-macos): Signal every process whose name matches a pattern in one command, with an optional custom signal. — risk: high; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Change a Running Process's Priority with renice](https://cmdcv.com/en/renice-process-macos): Lower a process's scheduling priority without restarting it, so it stops starving everything else. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [One-Shot CPU Snapshot with top](https://cmdcv.com/en/top-one-shot-cpu-stats): Print a single top-style report sorted by CPU instead of watching a live updating screen. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Find a Process's Parent with ps ppid](https://cmdcv.com/en/ps-parent-process-ppid): Show a process alongside its parent PID so you know what launched it. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Snapshot All Processes and Search with ps aux](https://cmdcv.com/en/ps-aux-snapshot-search): Dump the complete process list and filter it for a keyword in one line. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Terminate a Process by PID with kill](https://cmdcv.com/en/kill-pid-force-terminate): Send a normal termination signal to one specific process, and escalate to a forced kill only if it refuses to quit. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Find a Process PID by Name with pgrep](https://cmdcv.com/en/pgrep-find-pid-by-name-macos): Use pgrep -fl to instantly look up the PID of any running macOS process by matching its name or command line. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Find What Spawned a Process (Parent PID)](https://cmdcv.com/en/win32-process-parent-pid): Trace a suspicious process back to its parent using Win32_Process ParentProcessId. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [List Windows Services That Start at Boot](https://cmdcv.com/en/list-auto-start-services-windows): Use Get-Service filtered on StartType to see every service set to Automatic. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Change a Windows Service's Startup Type (Enable/Disable)](https://cmdcv.com/en/set-service-startup-type-windows): Use Set-Service to make a service start at boot, start on demand, or never start at all. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Find the Heaviest CPU Consumers with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/get-process-cpu-usage): Rank running processes by CPU time using Get-Process and Sort-Object. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Change a Program's Priority with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/set-process-priority-powershell): Raise a process's priority class via (Get-Process).PriorityClass to make it snappier. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Kill Whatever Is Holding a Port on Windows](https://cmdcv.com/en/kill-by-port-win-tcpconnection): Find the process listening on a TCP port with Get-NetTCPConnection, then stop it with Stop-Process. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Find Which File a Running Process Came From](https://cmdcv.com/en/find-process-executable-path): Get the on-disk path of a running process's executable with Get-Process .Path or Win32_Process ExecutablePath. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [See the Full Command Line Behind a Process (Win32_Process)](https://cmdcv.com/en/win32-process-commandline): Use Get-CimInstance Win32_Process to reveal the exact command line that started each process — great for spotting look-alikes. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [See Which Services Run Inside Each Process (svchost Deep Dive)](https://cmdcv.com/en/tasklist-svc-services-per-process): Use tasklist /SVC to reveal the services hosted inside every process, especially svchost.exe. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Find a Running Process and Its PID with tasklist](https://cmdcv.com/en/tasklist-find-process-name): Check if a program is running and get its process ID using tasklist with findstr or the /FI filter. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Pretty-Print a Plist in the Terminal with plutil -p](https://cmdcv.com/en/plutil-pretty-print-plist): Dump any property list as readable key-value output — no Xcode, no XML squinting. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Batch-Resize a Folder of Photos with sips](https://cmdcv.com/en/sips-batch-resize-photos): Shrink every JPG in a folder to a maximum side length with a one-line shell loop using built-in sips. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Set DNS Search Domains for a Network Service](https://cmdcv.com/en/networksetup-set-dns-search-domains): Make short internal hostnames resolve by adding search domains to your Wi-Fi or Ethernet service. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Find Which Process Is Using a Port with lsof](https://cmdcv.com/en/lsof-find-process-using-port): Identify the process holding a TCP port — the classic fix for 'address already in use' errors. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Preview a Backup with rsync --dry-run](https://cmdcv.com/en/rsync-dry-run-preview-copy): See exactly which files a sync would copy or delete before letting rsync change anything. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Make Your Mac Restart Itself After a System Freeze](https://cmdcv.com/en/systemsetup-auto-restart-after-freeze): Enable automatic restart after a freeze so an unattended Mac recovers instead of hanging forever. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Run JavaScript for Automation (JXA) from the Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/osascript-run-javascript-jxa): Execute a one-line JavaScript automation against Mac apps using osascript -l JavaScript. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [List Every Installed Speech Voice with say -v '?'](https://cmdcv.com/en/say-list-available-voices): Enumerate the voices available to the say command, with their language tags, before writing your text-to-speech script. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Lock a File Down to Your User with chmod 600](https://cmdcv.com/en/chmod-restrict-file-permissions): Make sensitive files readable only by you, and scripts executable, using octal permission modes. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Find a Certificate in Your Keychain by Name](https://cmdcv.com/en/security-find-certificate-login-keychain): Verify a named certificate is installed, see its summary, or export it to PEM — all from the terminal. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [List Valid Code-Signing Identities with security find-identity](https://cmdcv.com/en/security-find-identity-codesigning): Show every valid signing certificate + private key pair your keychain can offer to codesign. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [View the SOCKS Proxy Configuration of a Network Service](https://cmdcv.com/en/networksetup-view-socks-proxy-state): Read whether a SOCKS proxy is enabled on Wi-Fi (or Ethernet), and which server and port it points to. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Set Proxy Bypass Domains (Exceptions) with networksetup](https://cmdcv.com/en/networksetup-set-proxy-bypass-domains): Choose exactly which hosts skip your configured proxy by rewriting the bypass list for a network service. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Open Any Man Page as a Printable Document in Preview](https://cmdcv.com/en/man-export-pdf-preview): Pipe a formatted man page straight into Preview as a rendered document you can zoom, search and save. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Test a Zip Archive's Integrity Before Extracting](https://cmdcv.com/en/unzip-test-archive-integrity): Check every file inside a .zip against its CRC checksum without extracting anything. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Detect a File's Type and Text Encoding with file -I](https://cmdcv.com/en/file-detect-text-encoding-mime): Identify what a mystery file really is, and for text files which character set it uses, in one line. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Build an ISO Image from a Folder with hdiutil makehybrid](https://cmdcv.com/en/hdiutil-makehybrid-iso-folder): Turn any folder into a standard ISO 9660 disc image without third-party software. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Extract a tar.gz Archive into a Specific Folder](https://cmdcv.com/en/tar-extract-to-target-directory): Unpack a gzipped tar archive straight into any target directory using tar -xzf with -C. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Search Every Preference Domain with defaults find](https://cmdcv.com/en/defaults-find-search-preferences): Find which app or system domain stores a setting you half-remember, before you change or delete it. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Set Environment Variables for GUI Apps with launchctl setenv](https://cmdcv.com/en/launchctl-setenv-gui-environment): Give Dock-launched applications an environment variable they can't get from your shell profile. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Schedule or Cancel a Shutdown or Restart from the Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/shutdown-schedule-restart): Halt or restart the Mac now, or N minutes from now, with shutdown — and cancel a pending one with killall. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Change Your Mac's Time Zone from the Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/systemsetup-set-time-zone): Set the system time zone by name — useful after travelling or when pre-configuring new Macs in a script. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Set the Idle-Sleep Timer with systemsetup](https://cmdcv.com/en/systemsetup-set-computer-sleep): Set exactly how many minutes of inactivity pass before the Mac sleeps, from the command line, and read the current value back. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Enable Wake-on-LAN So You Can Wake Your Mac Remotely](https://cmdcv.com/en/pmset-womp-wake-on-network-access): Turn on 'wake for network access' from the command line so a sleeping Mac wakes when your wake-on-LAN packet or sharing request arrives. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Check if Your Mac Is Throttling Due to Heat (pmset -g therm)](https://cmdcv.com/en/pmset-thermal-pressure-therm): Read the live thermal pressure level from the command line to see whether a hot Mac is being slowed down by macOS. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Clean the npm Cache When Installs Act Up](https://cmdcv.com/en/npm-cache-clean-windows): Fix corrupted npm caches with npm cache clean --force, or verify and self-repair with npm cache verify. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Download a Video as MP4 with yt-dlp](https://cmdcv.com/en/yt-dlp-download-video-windows): Save any supported site's video to your Videos folder with a controlled filename using yt-dlp. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Upgrade all apps with winget on Windows](https://cmdcv.com/en/winget-upgrade-all-apps-windows): One command updates every program that winget manages — no clicking through updaters. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Check Outdated npm Packages with npm outdated](https://cmdcv.com/en/npm-outdated-check-updates-windows): List every dependency that has a newer version, with the current, safe ('wanted') and latest versions side by side. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [List All Local User Groups with Get-LocalGroup](https://cmdcv.com/en/list-local-groups-get-localgroup): Show every security group on the PC (Administrators, Users, Guests and more) before assigning account permissions. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Rename a Drive Label with Set-Volume](https://cmdcv.com/en/rename-drive-label-set-volume): Change the friendly name shown for any drive (its volume label) with a one-line PowerShell command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Initialize and Format a New Disk with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/initialize-new-disk-powershell): Turn a brand-new disk into a usable drive: initialize, partition to full size and format NTFS in three commands. — risk: high; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Rescan for Hardware Changes with pnputil /scan-devices](https://cmdcv.com/en/pnputil-scan-devices-rescan-hardware): Tell Windows to re-detect newly plugged hardware from the command line — the CLI equivalent of 'Scan for hardware changes' in Device Manager. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [List Configured Printer Ports with Get-PrinterPort](https://cmdcv.com/en/list-printer-ports-get-printerport): See every printer port (USB, TCP/IP, WSD) Windows has configured — handy when a printer's IP address changed. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Set a Printer to Double-Sided Printing by Default](https://cmdcv.com/en/set-printer-duplex-printconfiguration): Make duplex printing the default for any installed printer with Set-PrintConfiguration, so you stop burning single-sided pages. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [List Installed Printer Drivers with Get-PrinterDriver](https://cmdcv.com/en/list-printer-drivers-get-printerdriver): See every printer driver on the machine with manufacturer and version — the first step when a printer misbehaves. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Add a Shared Network Printer from PowerShell (Add-Printer)](https://cmdcv.com/en/add-network-printer-add-printer): Connect to a shared network printer with one Add-Printer command instead of clicking through the Add Printer wizard. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Edit Video Title and Author Metadata with ffmpeg](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-set-video-metadata): Fix a video's title, artist and comment tags in seconds by remuxing with -metadata and -c copy — no re-encoding. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Resize a Video Without Distortion Using ffmpeg scale](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-resize-video-scale): Shrink any video to a smaller resolution while keeping its aspect ratio with the ffmpeg scale filter. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [List Mapped Network Drives and Their Share Paths](https://cmdcv.com/en/list-mapped-drives-win32-mappedlogicaldisk): Show every mapped network drive letter and the UNC path it points to using Win32_MappedLogicalDisk. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [See Which Shared Files Are Open on Your PC (and Disconnect Them)](https://cmdcv.com/en/openfiles-query-disconnect): List every file that other computers on the network have opened on your shared folders with openfiles /query, and cut a session with /disconnect. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Restore Files from a wbadmin Backup](https://cmdcv.com/en/wbadmin-restore-files-from-backup): Use wbadmin get versions and wbadmin start recovery to pull deleted or damaged files back out of a Windows backup image. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Create a Full System Image Backup with wbadmin](https://cmdcv.com/en/wbadmin-start-backup-system-image): Back up the entire Windows system drive (and all critical volumes) to another disk from the command line using wbadmin start backup. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Check When Users Last Logged On (Win32_NetworkLoginProfile)](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-user-last-logon-win32-networkloginprofile): List each local user's last logon time and logon count from PowerShell to see who has been using a shared PC. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Change the Boot Menu Timeout with bcdedit /timeout](https://cmdcv.com/en/bcdedit-boot-menu-timeout): Shorten or lengthen how long Windows shows the dual-boot / recovery menu at startup using bcdedit /timeout. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Get Your PC's Model and Serial Number from PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/find-pc-model-serial-number): Query Win32_ComputerSystem and Win32_SystemEnclosure to read the manufacturer, model name and chassis serial number without flipping the laptop over. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Find Out When Windows Was Installed](https://cmdcv.com/en/find-windows-install-date): Use the Win32_OperatingSystem InstallDate property in PowerShell to see the exact date and time Windows was installed on a PC. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Check Laptop Battery Charge and Status from the Command Line](https://cmdcv.com/en/get-battery-charge-win32-battery): Read the current battery percentage, charging status and estimated remaining runtime in PowerShell with Win32_Battery. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Uninstall an App from the Command Line with winget](https://cmdcv.com/en/winget-uninstall-app-windows): Remove installed programs by ID or name with winget uninstall — scriptable, exact and faster than hunting through Settings. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Check CPU Model, Cores and Clock Speed from PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/get-cpu-info-win32-processor): Read your processor's exact name, physical cores, logical threads and max clock speed with one PowerShell command using Win32_Processor. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Read an EXE/DLL's Version Info from PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/exe-file-version-info-windows): Find out exactly which build of a program or driver file you have — faster than right-click Properties. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Delete a Leftover Service with sc delete](https://cmdcv.com/en/delete-service-sc-windows): Remove orphaned services that spam the event log after their software was uninstalled. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Strip personal metadata from a video on Windows](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-strip-metadata-windows): Share recordings without leaking device model, GPS or author metadata. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Check TCP Statistics with netstat -s](https://cmdcv.com/en/netstat-protocol-statistics-windows): Inspect retransmissions, errors, and connection resets per protocol to see if the network stack itself is struggling. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Ping Continuously to Monitor Network Stability](https://cmdcv.com/en/ping-continuous-test-windows): Use ping -t to watch for dropped packets and latency spikes while you reproduce a Wi-Fi or internet problem. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Re-enable DHCP on an Adapter with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/reenable-dhcp-set-netipinterface-windows): Return an adapter to automatic IP assignment after using a manual static address. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Create a Python Virtual Environment on Windows (py -m venv)](https://cmdcv.com/en/python-venv-windows): Isolate each project's packages in a .venv folder and activate it in PowerShell. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Merge Audio Files with the ffmpeg concat Filter](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-audio-concat-merge-windows): Combine multiple MP3/M4A/WAV parts into one track — v=0:a=1 means audio only, single output. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Convert an Image Sequence into a Video with ffmpeg](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-image-sequence-to-video-windows): Merge numbered PNG/JPG frames into a smooth MP4 — perfect for timelapses, animation frames, and scans. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Windows Firewall Kill Switch: Block All Traffic at Once](https://cmdcv.com/en/firewall-kill-switch-powershell-windows): Set both firewall profiles to deny by default so nothing leaves or enters the PC except explicitly allowed rules. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Block an IP Address with a Windows Firewall Rule](https://cmdcv.com/en/block-ip-firewall-rule-windows): Create a deny rule for an IP or subnet with one PowerShell command — no GUI digging required. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Enable Defender ASR Rules with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/asr-rules-defender-powershell-windows): Switch on individual attack surface reduction rules — e.g. block Office apps from creating child processes. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Enable Exploit Protection for a Program with Set-ProcessMitigation](https://cmdcv.com/en/exploit-protection-set-processmitigation-windows): Turn on DEP, forced ASLR, and other mitigations for a legacy app from PowerShell instead of the GUI. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Diagnose DNS Problems with nslookup](https://cmdcv.com/en/nslookup-diagnose-dns-windows): Resolve a domain manually and see which DNS server answers — the first test when a site won't load. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Delete a Path-Too-Long Folder Using robocopy](https://cmdcv.com/en/delete-too-long-path-robocopy-windows): Mirror an empty folder over the stubborn directory to wipe it out when Explorer refuses. — risk: high; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Convert CRLF Line Endings to LF with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/convert-crlf-lf-powershell-windows): Strip Windows carriage returns from scripts and configs copied from Windows to WSL, Linux servers, or Git. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Make a File Read-Only (and Back) with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/toggle-file-readonly-windows): Toggle the IsReadOnly attribute on any file to lock it from edits or unlock it again. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Count Lines in a File or Output with Measure-Object](https://cmdcv.com/en/count-lines-measure-object-windows): The Windows equivalent of wc -l: count lines, words, and characters of any text file or pipeline. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Create a Dummy Test File of Any Size with fsutil](https://cmdcv.com/en/fsutil-createnew-dummy-file-windows): Instantly generate a multi-gigabyte empty file to test copy speeds, storage, or network transfers. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Clear Your Temp Folder with One PowerShell Command](https://cmdcv.com/en/clear-temp-files-powershell-windows): Empty %TEMP% safely from PowerShell to reclaim disk space and clear stale installer caches. — risk: high; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Uninstall a Windows Update (KB) with wusa](https://cmdcv.com/en/wusa-uninstall-update-windows): Roll back a problematic Windows update from the command line using the Windows Update Standalone Installer. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Open Reliability Monitor from the Command Line](https://cmdcv.com/en/reliability-monitor-perfmon-rel-windows): perfmon /rel opens the stability timeline that shows which apps or drivers crash and when. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Cancel a Pending Windows Shutdown with shutdown /a](https://cmdcv.com/en/abort-shutdown-shutdown-a-windows): Abort an accidental shutdown or restart countdown before the timer runs out. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Force-Close a Frozen Program with taskkill](https://cmdcv.com/en/taskkill-force-close-app-windows): End an unresponsive application from Command Prompt using taskkill by image name or PID. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Find Out Which Services Depend on a Windows Service](https://cmdcv.com/en/get-service-dependentservices-windows): Use PowerShell's Get-Service with -DependentServices to see which services would break if you stop a service. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Stash and restore work with git stash](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-stash-save-restore): Park half-finished changes, switch branches or pull cleanly, then bring them back with one command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Convert video to GIF with ffmpeg](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-video-to-gif): Produce a small looping GIF for docs, bug reports and chat by trimming frame rate and size. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Cut a clip from a video with ffmpeg](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-clip-video-segment): Extract part of a video in seconds by copying streams instead of re-encoding them. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Verify GPG signatures on downloaded files](https://cmdcv.com/en/gpg-verify-download-signature): Prove a release file really came from the developer and was not modified in transit. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Verify downloads with sha512sum](https://cmdcv.com/en/sha512sum-verify-downloads): Check that an ISO or package file arrived bit-for-bit intact before you flash or install it. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Encrypt files with openssl enc (AES-256 + PBKDF2)](https://cmdcv.com/en/openssl-encrypt-file-aes): Password-protect any file with strong AES encryption before uploading or emailing it. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Reset failed-login lockouts with faillock](https://cmdcv.com/en/faillock-reset-locked-user): Clear the faillock tally when a valid password no longer works after too many typos. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Toggle network interfaces with ip link](https://cmdcv.com/en/ip-link-set-interface-up-down): Disable or re-enable a NIC or Wi-Fi interface manually to reset a flaky connection. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Show WireGuard VPN status with wg show](https://cmdcv.com/en/wg-show-vpn-status): See whether the tunnel is alive, when peers last handshook and how much traffic flowed. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Scan Wi-Fi networks with nmcli](https://cmdcv.com/en/nmcli-wifi-rescan-list-networks): Trigger a fresh wireless scan and list SSIDs with signal strength and security, no GUI needed. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Inspect open sockets with ss](https://cmdcv.com/en/ss-view-open-sockets): See which services listen on which ports and who is connected — the modern netstat replacement. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Compress files with xz](https://cmdcv.com/en/xz-compress-decompress): Squeeze logs, dumps and archives smaller than gzip can, with a single flag to keep the originals. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Create safe temporary files with mktemp](https://cmdcv.com/en/mktemp-create-temp-files): Replace predictable /tmp filenames with collision-proof, permission-safe temp paths in scripts. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Check inode usage with df -i](https://cmdcv.com/en/df-inodes-usage-check): Diagnose 'No space left on device' errors when gigabytes of free space remain. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Inspect file attributes with lsattr](https://cmdcv.com/en/lsattr-list-file-attributes): Check whether a file is immutable, append-only or undeletable before fighting with rm or chmod. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Force or dry-run log rotation with logrotate](https://cmdcv.com/en/logrotate-force-rotate-debug): Preview what logrotate will do, or rotate logs immediately after big config changes. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Block suspend while a command runs with systemd-inhibit](https://cmdcv.com/en/systemd-inhibit-block-suspend): Wrap any long-running command so auto-suspend and idle sleep cannot interrupt it. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Prevent desktop freezes with earlyoom](https://cmdcv.com/en/earlyoom-prevent-memory-freeze): Install a tiny daemon that kills memory hogs before Linux thrashes into an unresponsive swap storm. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Identify PCI hardware with lspci](https://cmdcv.com/en/lspci-list-pci-hardware): See every network card, GPU and controller on the PCI bus, with vendor IDs and kernel drivers. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Reorder UEFI boot entries with efibootmgr](https://cmdcv.com/en/efibootmgr-change-boot-order): Pick which OS or drive boots first by editing the EFI BootOrder variable from a running Linux. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Show per-service resource usage with systemd-cgtop](https://cmdcv.com/en/systemd-cgtop-resource-usage): Find which systemd service eats CPU, memory or I/O, grouped by control group instead of raw process. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Pin a process to CPU cores with taskset](https://cmdcv.com/en/taskset-pin-process-cpu): Restrict a noisy or performance-critical process to chosen cores with CPU affinity. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Set disk I/O priority with ionice](https://cmdcv.com/en/ionice-lower-io-priority): Push backups, indexing and file scans into the idle I/O class so interactive work never stutters. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Reload systemd units with systemctl daemon-reload](https://cmdcv.com/en/systemctl-daemon-reload-units): Apply your edits to service files and drop-ins without rebooting. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Run fstrim to keep your SSD fast](https://cmdcv.com/en/fstrim-ssd-trim-timer): Trim unused blocks on SSDs so writes stay fast and the drive wears evenly. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Take a Delayed Screenshot on macOS (screencapture -T)](https://cmdcv.com/en/screencapture-delayed-timer): Set a countdown timer so you can open the menu or hover state before the shot fires. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Change a file's owner with chown on Mac](https://cmdcv.com/en/change-file-owner-chown-macos): Take ownership of files left behind by other users or migrated accounts. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Enable Firewall Stealth Mode on macOS](https://cmdcv.com/en/firewall-stealth-mode-socketfilterfw): Use socketfilterfw --setstealthmode so the Mac does not respond to pings and network probes. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Log Into a Remote Machine with ssh on macOS](https://cmdcv.com/en/ssh-login-remote-mac): Use the built-in ssh client to open a secure shell on another Mac, Linux box or server. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Hide the Recent Apps Section of the macOS Dock](https://cmdcv.com/en/hide-dock-recent-apps-defaults): Turn off show-recents so the Dock no longer reserves a row for recently used apps. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Capture a Screen Region to a File with screencapture -R](https://cmdcv.com/en/screencapture-region-shot): Screenshot an exact x,y,width,height rectangle silently, ideal for scripts and repeatable documentation shots. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Require the Login Password Immediately After Sleep or Screensaver](https://cmdcv.com/en/require-password-after-screensaver-defaults): Set askForPassword to 1 and askForPasswordDelay to 0 so no grace period exists after the screen locks. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Restart a FileVault Mac Without Unlocking It by Hand (fdesetup authrestart)](https://cmdcv.com/en/fdesetup-authrestart-filevault): Reboot while temporarily passing the disk-unlock key to the firmware so the Mac boots straight through. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Check Network Latency and Reachability with ping on macOS](https://cmdcv.com/en/ping-check-latency-macos): Send a fixed number of ICMP echo requests and read the RTT min/avg/max summary and packet loss. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Query macOS Hostname Resolution with dscacheutil](https://cmdcv.com/en/dscacheutil-query-host-cache): Ask Directory Services what it resolves for a hostname, the same path the system uses — ideal for verifying a DNS flush. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Query DNS Records with dig on macOS](https://cmdcv.com/en/dig-query-dns-records-macos): Look up A, MX or TXT records for any domain and test against a specific DNS server like 8.8.8.8. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Check Spotlight Indexing Status of Any Volume (mdutil -s)](https://cmdcv.com/en/spotlight-indexing-status-mdutil): Query whether Spotlight indexing is enabled, disabled or still building for the system disk or an external drive. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Set Finder's Default View Style via defaults](https://cmdcv.com/en/finder-default-view-style-defaults): Use FXPreferredViewStyle to make new Finder windows open in list, column or gallery view instead of icons. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Stop .DS_Store Files on Network Shares and USB Drives](https://cmdcv.com/en/stop-dsstore-network-drives-defaults): Write DSDontWriteNetworkStores and DSDontWriteUSBStores so Finder skips creating .DS_Store on non-local volumes. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [List All Time Machine Backups with tmutil listbackups](https://cmdcv.com/en/tmutil-listbackups-show-dates): Print the mounted path of every dated backup on your Time Machine disk, newest last. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Restore a File from Time Machine with tmutil restore](https://cmdcv.com/en/tmutil-restore-file-from-backup): Copy a specific file out of a dated backup folder straight to a destination path, no GUI needed. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [List Running launchd User Agents on macOS](https://cmdcv.com/en/list-user-agents-launchctl-list): Use plain `launchctl list` to audit agents running in your user session with their PIDs and last exit statuses. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Disable Auto-Correction and Auto-Capitalization System-Wide on macOS](https://cmdcv.com/en/disable-auto-text-corrections-defaults): Turn off spelling autocorrect, auto-capitalization and double-space-to-period via NSGlobalDomain defaults keys. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Always Show Expanded Save and Print Dialogs on macOS](https://cmdcv.com/en/expand-save-print-dialogs-defaults): Flip four NSGlobalDomain keys so save panels and print dialogs open in expanded view by default. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Reset the macOS Dock to Default Settings](https://cmdcv.com/en/reset-dock-defaults-defaults-delete): Delete the whole com.apple.dock preferences domain and restart the Dock to undo all tweaks at once. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Check Why Your Mac Slept or Woke Up (pmset -g log)](https://cmdcv.com/en/view-sleep-wake-history-pmset-log): Read the power management event log to see sleep and wake reasons, e.g. lid, keyboard, network or Bluetooth. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [List Disabled launchd Services in Your macOS User Session](https://cmdcv.com/en/list-disabled-user-services-launchctl-print-disabled): Use `launchctl print-disabled gui/UID` to see which user-level services were switched off with launchctl disable. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Remove the Auto-Hide Delay of the macOS Dock](https://cmdcv.com/en/dock-autohide-speed-defaults): Set autohide-delay and autohide-time-modifier so the hidden Dock appears immediately when you move the cursor to the screen edge. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Disable the Press-and-Hold Accent Popup on macOS](https://cmdcv.com/en/disable-press-and-hold-diacritics-defaults): Make held keys repeat like on a PC instead of showing the diacritics chooser, using ApplePressAndHoldEnabled. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Speed Up Keyboard Key Repeat on macOS with defaults](https://cmdcv.com/en/keyboard-key-repeat-speed-defaults): Use `defaults write` on InitialKeyRepeat and KeyRepeat to type faster than the System Settings sliders permit. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Extract the Audio Track from a Video with ffmpeg -vn](https://cmdcv.com/en/extract-audio-from-video-ffmpeg): Pull the soundtrack out of a video file instantly and losslessly using ffmpeg's -vn stream-copy trick. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [View a Calendar in the Terminal with cal](https://cmdcv.com/en/view-calendar-terminal-cal): Print the current month or the whole year as a text calendar with macOS's built-in cal command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Mount or Unmount a Volume with diskutil mount](https://cmdcv.com/en/mount-unmount-volume-diskutil-mount): Re-attach a stubborn external volume or detach one without ejecting, using diskutil's mount and unmount verbs. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Install Command-Line Tools with brew install](https://cmdcv.com/en/brew-install-package): Add any of thousands of command-line utilities to your Mac with Homebrew's single install command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Convert Audio to MP3 with ffmpeg and libmp3lame](https://cmdcv.com/en/convert-audio-to-mp3-ffmpeg): Turn M4A, WAV, or FLAC audio into MP3 files from the terminal with ffmpeg's LAME encoder. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Trim a Video Without Re-encoding using ffmpeg -c copy](https://cmdcv.com/en/trim-video-ffmpeg-stream-copy): Cut a section out of a video in seconds with no quality loss by stream-copying with ffmpeg. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Turn On FileVault Encryption with fdesetup enable](https://cmdcv.com/en/enable-filevault-fdesetup): Encrypt your Mac's startup disk from the terminal using Apple's built-in fdesetup tool. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Test Network Connectivity with ping -c](https://cmdcv.com/en/ping-test-connectivity): Check whether your Mac can reach a website and how fast, with a five-packet ping instead of an endless stream. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Search Inside Files with grep -rn](https://cmdcv.com/en/search-text-in-files-grep-rn): Find which file contains a specific phrase — with file name and line number — using grep's recursive search. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Create a Symbolic Link with ln -s](https://cmdcv.com/en/create-symbolic-link-ln-s): Point one folder path at another location on macOS with ln -s, so apps read and write through the link automatically. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Make a Script Executable with chmod +x](https://cmdcv.com/en/make-script-executable-chmod): Fix 'Permission denied' when running a shell script on macOS by adding the execute permission with chmod. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Restart or Shut Down Your Mac from the Terminal with shutdown](https://cmdcv.com/en/shutdown-restart-from-terminal): Reboot or power off macOS with the built-in shutdown command — handy when the menu bar or remote session misbehaves. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Check How Long Your Mac Has Been On with uptime](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-uptime-since-last-restart): See the time since your Mac's last restart plus system load in one short terminal command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Check Where Time Machine Backs Up with tmutil destinationinfo](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-time-machine-destination-tmutil): Find out which disk or network share Time Machine is using as its backup destination, straight from the terminal. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Schedule Automatic Wake or Sleep with pmset repeat](https://cmdcv.com/en/schedule-wake-sleep-pmset-repeat): Make your Mac wake, sleep, or shut down on a fixed daily schedule from the terminal with pmset repeat. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [List All Connected Disks with diskutil list](https://cmdcv.com/en/list-connected-disks-diskutil-list): See every internal and external disk, its partitions, and its /Volumes name from the terminal with one command. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Clone a GitHub repository with git clone](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-clone-repo-windows): Download a full local copy of any Git repository into a new folder on your Windows PC. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Make a video from numbered photos with ffmpeg](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-images-to-video-windows): Combine a sequence of numbered images into an MP4 slideshow or timelapse using the built-in image2 demuxer. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Crop a video to vertical 9:16 with ffmpeg](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-crop-vertical-video-windows): Cut a widescreen video down to a vertical clip for TikTok, Reels, or Shorts using the ffmpeg crop filter. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Scan a single file with Microsoft Defender from the command line](https://cmdcv.com/en/defender-scan-single-file-mpcmdrun): Use the Defender command-line tool MpCmdRun.exe to check one downloaded file for malware without a full system scan. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Back up your BitLocker recovery key before an emergency](https://cmdcv.com/en/bitlocker-recovery-key-backup-windows): Use manage-bde -protectors -get to display the 48-digit recovery key for a BitLocker-encrypted drive so you can save it somewhere safe. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Check a website's HTTP status code with curl](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-website-http-status-curl-windows): Print just the HTTP status code (200, 404, 500…) of any URL using the curl tool built into Windows. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Resume an interrupted download with curl -C -](https://cmdcv.com/en/curl-download-resume-windows): Continue a partially downloaded file instead of starting over, using the curl tool built into Windows. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Look up a domain's mail servers with nslookup](https://cmdcv.com/en/nslookup-mx-records-windows): Query MX records from the command line to see which mail servers handle email for a domain. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Compare two folders without copying anything (robocopy /L)](https://cmdcv.com/en/compare-folders-robocopy-listonly): Run robocopy in list-only mode to preview exactly which files would be copied, i.e. which files are new or different between two folders. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Rename all file extensions in a folder with one command](https://cmdcv.com/en/bulk-change-file-extension-ren): Use the ren command with wildcards to change every file's extension in the current folder, e.g. .jpeg to .jpg. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Copy a folder but exclude certain subfolders with robocopy](https://cmdcv.com/en/robocopy-exclude-folders): Use robocopy's /XD switch to skip named directories while copying a whole folder tree for backup. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Search inside files from the command line with findstr](https://cmdcv.com/en/findstr-search-file-content-cmd): Use the built-in findstr tool to find text inside files, including all subfolders, with case-insensitive matching and line numbers. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Boot into Safe Mode on the next restart with bcdedit](https://cmdcv.com/en/safe-mode-next-boot-bcdedit): Set the safeboot flag with bcdedit so the next restart starts Windows in Safe Mode, then remove the flag to return to normal boot. — risk: high; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Monitor CPU usage in the terminal with typeperf](https://cmdcv.com/en/typeperf-cpu-usage-monitor): Stream overall CPU percentage to the console every couple of seconds using the typeperf performance counter tool. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Restart Windows directly into BIOS/UEFI setup](https://cmdcv.com/en/restart-into-firmware-uefi-shutdown): One command reboots the PC straight into the firmware settings screen, no keyboard-mashing at startup needed. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Shut down Windows on a timer](https://cmdcv.com/en/schedule-shutdown-timer-cmd): Use shutdown /s /t to make Windows power off automatically after a chosen number of seconds, and shutdown /a to cancel it. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Find out what's stopping your PC from sleeping](https://cmdcv.com/en/find-sleep-blocker-powercfg-requests): Use powercfg /requests to see exactly which programs or drivers are currently blocking Windows sleep mode. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Merge Files into Columns with paste](https://cmdcv.com/en/paste-merge-file-columns): Join corresponding lines of two or more files side by side — the low-effort alternative to awk for quick column pairing. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Create a New User with useradd](https://cmdcv.com/en/useradd-create-user-account): Add a local account with home directory and shell in one command, then set its password. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Download a File with curl -O](https://cmdcv.com/en/curl-download-file-o): Grab a file straight to disk over HTTP(S), following redirects, with a single curl invocation. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Check and Rebuild Kernel Modules with DKMS](https://cmdcv.com/en/dkms-status-rebuild-modules): Diagnose why Wi-Fi, NVIDIA or VirtualBox broke after a kernel update and rebuild the modules for the new kernel. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Regenerate the GRUB Boot Menu with update-grub](https://cmdcv.com/en/update-grub-refresh-boot-menu): After editing /etc/default/grub or installing a kernel, rebuild grub.cfg so the boot menu reflects it. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Change Your Default Login Shell with chsh](https://cmdcv.com/en/chsh-change-login-shell): Make fish, zsh or any installed shell the shell you get on every login and terminal session. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [List LVM Logical Volumes and Volume Groups (lvs/vgs)](https://cmdcv.com/en/lvm-lvs-vgs-list-volumes): Quick reports of every LV and VG on the system with sizes, attributes and free space. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Install AUR Packages with yay](https://cmdcv.com/en/yay-install-aur-package): The popular Arch AUR helper that searches the AUR, builds packages and resolves dependencies like pacman does for repo software. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Mirror Your Android Phone to Linux with scrcpy](https://cmdcv.com/en/scrcpy-mirror-android-screen): Open-source screen mirroring with mouse and keyboard control over USB or Wi-Fi, no app install on the desktop side beyond scrcpy itself. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Connect Your Android Phone with adb devices](https://cmdcv.com/en/adb-devices-connect-android): Confirm USB-debugging detection and sideload APKs straight from the terminal — no store required. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Run a Downloaded AppImage (chmod +x)](https://cmdcv.com/en/appimage-run-install-chmod): AppImages are portable single-file apps — make them executable and run them, no install step required. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Clone a Git Repository with git clone](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-clone-repository): Copy a remote repository — code plus full history — into a new local folder in one command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Extract Subtitles from MKV with mkvextract](https://cmdcv.com/en/mkvextract-extract-subtitles): Save embedded subtitle tracks as .srt files so players and translators can use them standalone. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [List Sound Cards and Test Audio with aplay](https://cmdcv.com/en/aplay-list-test-sound-devices): Identify every ALSA playback device and confirm audio output works, the first step when PulseAudio/PipeWire seems broken. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Test a Mail Server's TLS with openssl s_client](https://cmdcv.com/en/openssl-s-client-check-mail-tls): Handshake with SMTP/IMAP servers over STARTTLS or implicit TLS and inspect the certificate chain interactively. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Show an SSH Key Fingerprint with ssh-keygen -l](https://cmdcv.com/en/ssh-keygen-fingerprint-public-key): Verify which key is which by its short SHA256 fingerprint before adding it to servers or services. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Flush All Pending Disk Writes with sync](https://cmdcv.com/en/sync-flush-disk-writes): Make sure cached writes physically land on disk before unplugging a drive or killing power. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Identify Any File's Real Type with the file Command](https://cmdcv.com/en/file-identify-file-type): Detect true file types from magic bytes, not from the filename extension. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Repair a Corrupted USB Stick with fsck.vfat](https://cmdcv.com/en/fsck-vfat-repair-usb-drive): Fix FAT32 filesystem errors on flash drives and SD cards that Windows left dirty or Linux mounts read-only. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Snapshot a Btrfs Filesystem Before Risky Changes](https://cmdcv.com/en/btrfs-subvolume-create-snapshot): Create a copy-on-write snapshot in seconds that costs almost no extra space until files change. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Fix a Windows Partition Linux Refuses to Mount (ntfsfix)](https://cmdcv.com/en/ntfsfix-clear-ntfs-dirty-bit): Clear the NTFS dirty flag left behind by an unclean Windows shutdown so dual-boot partitions mount again. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Check Your Public IP Address with curl](https://cmdcv.com/en/curl-check-public-ip-address): One-liner to print the outbound public IPv4 address of your router or VPN from the command line. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Check Which Route a Destination Uses with ip route get](https://cmdcv.com/en/ip-route-get-lookup-route): See exactly which interface, source address and gateway the kernel picks for a given destination — no guessing from routing tables. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Test Path MTU with ping -M do](https://cmdcv.com/en/ping-mtu-path-discovery): Binary-search the largest unfragmented packet that survives the path — the classic fix for 'some sites load, others hang' over VPN or PPPoE. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Check if an IP Is Taken on Your LAN with arping](https://cmdcv.com/en/arping-check-lan-ip-conflict): Use arping to detect IP address conflicts at the ARP layer, which works even when firewalls block ICMP ping. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Fuzzy-Find Anything with fzf](https://cmdcv.com/en/fzf-fuzzy-finder-terminal): An interactive fuzzy finder for files, history and pipes — type a few characters, get instant matches. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Extract Audio from a Video with ffmpeg (No Re-encode)](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-rip-audio-no-reencode): Save a video's audio track to its own file instantly by stream-copying instead of re-encoding. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Control Your Webcam Settings with v4l2-ctl](https://cmdcv.com/en/v4l2-ctl-webcam-controls): See every control your Linux webcam supports and set brightness, contrast or zoom from the terminal. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Verify Installed Package Files with debsums](https://cmdcv.com/en/debsums-verify-installed-files): Detect modified, corrupted or replaced system files on Debian and Ubuntu using package checksums. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Audit File Capabilities with getcap](https://cmdcv.com/en/getcap-setcap-file-capabilities): Find every binary granted kernel capabilities — a small attack surface attackers love. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Scan a Host's Open Ports with nmap](https://cmdcv.com/en/nmap-scan-open-ports-host): Enumerate every open port and running service version on a machine you administer. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Trace the Path and MTU with tracepath](https://cmdcv.com/en/tracepath-check-mtu-path): Diagnose where packets are fragmented or dropped on the route — no root needed. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Connect to Wi-Fi with iwctl (iwd)](https://cmdcv.com/en/iwctl-connect-wifi-iwd): Get online from a minimal console with iwd's interactive or one-shot Wi-Fi commands. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Follow a Log File Live with tail -f](https://cmdcv.com/en/tail-f-watch-log-updates): Stream new log lines as they appear — the classic way to debug services on Linux. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Delete Files in Bulk with find -exec](https://cmdcv.com/en/find-exec-delete-batch): Combine find and rm -f {} + to remove every matching file without an argument-list error. — risk: high; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Compare Binary Files Byte by Byte with cmp](https://cmdcv.com/en/cmp-byte-compare-files): Use cmp instead of diff when files are binary — it tells you if they differ and at which byte. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Compress Files with Zstandard (zstd)](https://cmdcv.com/en/zstd-compress-decompress-files): Use zstd for modern, fast compression — far quicker than gzip at similar or better ratios. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Change a Running Process's Priority with renice](https://cmdcv.com/en/renice-change-process-priority): Lower or raise the nice value of a running process so heavy jobs don't make the desktop laggy. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Change the Default Boot Target with systemctl](https://cmdcv.com/en/systemctl-set-default-boot-target): Make Linux boot to a text console to save resources, or restore the graphical desktop as default. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [List Apps Blocking Suspend with systemd-inhibit](https://cmdcv.com/en/systemd-inhibit-list-blockers): Find out why your Linux machine won't sleep: list every program holding a suspend or shutdown inhibitor lock. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Find Disk I/O Per Process with iotop](https://cmdcv.com/en/iotop-check-disk-io-per-process): Use iotop to see exactly which process is reading and writing your disk in real time. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Check NVIDIA GPU Usage with nvidia-smi](https://cmdcv.com/en/nvidia-smi-check-gpu-usage): Query GPU name, temperature, utilization and memory with a single nvidia-smi command on Linux. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-19 - [Test APIs with HTTPie (the human curl)](https://cmdcv.com/en/httpie-modern-http-client): Send GET/POST requests with readable syntax and colorized JSON responses using HTTPie's http command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Convert Markdown to Word, HTML or PDF with pandoc](https://cmdcv.com/en/pandoc-document-convert): Turn Markdown files into DOCX, HTML, PDF and more with pandoc — the universal document converter for writers and developers. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [View Files with Syntax Highlighting using bat](https://cmdcv.com/en/bat-syntax-highlighting): Read config files and code in the terminal with bat: syntax colors, line numbers, and git diff markers, with non-interactive output for scripts. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Search Files Instantly with ripgrep (rg)](https://cmdcv.com/en/ripgrep-fast-search): Find text across an entire project with rg — grep-speed recursive search that skips .gitignore'd junk and highlights matches. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Remove Background Noise from Audio with ffmpeg afftdn](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-denoise-audio): Clean constant hiss, hum, or fan noise out of a recording using ffmpeg's FFT denoise filter, in one command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Combine Images into a PDF Losslessly with img2pdf](https://cmdcv.com/en/img2pdf-images-to-pdf): Merge JPG or PNG images into one PDF file with img2pdf — pixels are embedded untouched, so no quality is lost. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Convert Office Documents to PDF with soffice --headless](https://cmdcv.com/en/libreoffice-headless-convert-pdf): Batch-convert DOCX, ODT, XLSX, or PPTX files to PDF from the command line using LibreOffice in headless mode. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Convert E-books with calibre's ebook-convert](https://cmdcv.com/en/ebook-convert-calibre): Convert between EPUB, MOBI, AZW3, PDF and more from the terminal using calibre's command-line converter — no GUI needed. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Compress Videos with HandBrakeCLI Presets](https://cmdcv.com/en/handbrake-cli-compress-video): Re-encode big video files into much smaller MP4s using HandBrake's command-line tool and its built-in presets. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Extract Text from Images with tesseract OCR](https://cmdcv.com/en/tesseract-ocr-image-text): Turn screenshots, photos, and scans into editable text with the free offline Tesseract OCR engine on Linux. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Review sudo Activity with journalctl](https://cmdcv.com/en/review-sudo-attempts-journalctl): See who ran sudo commands — and who failed authentication — by filtering the systemd journal for sudo entries. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Encrypted Deduplicated Backups with Borg](https://cmdcv.com/en/borg-backup-repo): Initialize a Borg repository and create incremental, encrypted backups of your folders to an external drive or remote host. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Sync Folders Between Devices with Syncthing](https://cmdcv.com/en/syncthing-file-sync): Run Syncthing to keep folders identical across your Linux machines and phone over the LAN or internet, privately and without a cloud account. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Search Linux Audit Logs with ausearch](https://cmdcv.com/en/ausearch-audit-logs): Query the kernel audit log with ausearch for security-relevant events — logins, file access, or specific commands — in readable form. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Fix "Permissions too open" on SSH Private Keys](https://cmdcv.com/en/ssh-private-key-permissions): Set owner-only permissions on your SSH private key with chmod 600 so ssh will use it and other users can't read it. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Use Your Local SSH Keys on a Remote Server with -A](https://cmdcv.com/en/ssh-agent-forwarding): Forward your ssh-agent over SSH with -A so a remote machine can authenticate to GitHub or other servers using your local keys. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Mute or Unmute Your Microphone with pactl](https://cmdcv.com/en/pactl-set-source-mute): Silence the system microphone from the terminal with pactl set-source-mute — a quick hardware-adjacent privacy switch for calls and screen sharing. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Open a Port in firewalld with firewall-cmd](https://cmdcv.com/en/firewall-cmd-open-port): Permanently allow a TCP or UDP port through firewalld on Fedora, RHEL, or CentOS so your web app or game server is reachable. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Disable Wi-Fi Power Saving to Fix Laggy Wireless](https://cmdcv.com/en/wifi-power-save-disable): Turn off your wireless adapter's power saving with iw to reduce ping spikes and random disconnects on battery-powered laptops. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Mount a Windows/NAS Shared Folder with mount -t cifs](https://cmdcv.com/en/mount-smb-share-cifs): Attach an SMB network share to a local directory on Linux with cifs-utils so NAS or Windows files behave like local files. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check a Website's HTTP Status Code with curl](https://cmdcv.com/en/curl-check-http-status-code): Print just the HTTP status code and response time of any URL with curl, ideal for health checks and quick monitoring from the terminal. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [SSH Through a Jump Host with -J (ProxyJump)](https://cmdcv.com/en/ssh-jump-host-proxyjump): Connect to an internal server via a bastion host in one command using ssh -J, instead of logging in twice and hopping manually. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Set a Static IP on Ubuntu with netplan](https://cmdcv.com/en/netplan-set-static-ip): Configure a fixed IP address, gateway, and DNS for an Ubuntu server by editing a netplan YAML file and applying it. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Set Proxy Environment Variables for the Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/proxy-environment-variables): Route command-line tools like curl, wget, git, and pip through an HTTP or SOCKS proxy using http_proxy, https_proxy, and all_proxy. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Bring a WireGuard VPN Up or Down with wg-quick](https://cmdcv.com/en/wg-quick-bring-up-vpn): Activate or deactivate a WireGuard VPN tunnel from the terminal with wg-quick, and verify the handshake and traffic with wg show. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Disable USB AutoRun via the Registry](https://cmdcv.com/en/disable-autoplay-registry-windows): Turn off automatic execution for removable drives so inserted USB sticks never launch anything. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Reset Windows Firewall to Defaults (netsh advfirewall reset)](https://cmdcv.com/en/reset-firewall-defaults-netsh-windows): Revert firewall rules and profiles to the out-of-box configuration with one command. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [List Network Adapters with Status and Speed (Get-NetAdapter)](https://cmdcv.com/en/get-network-adapter-info-windows): Show whether each adapter is up and the link speed it negotiated. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check Your Public IP Address from the Command Line](https://cmdcv.com/en/get-public-ip-command-line-windows): Get the internet-facing IP your router uses, right in the terminal. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Back Up Saved Wi-Fi Profiles (netsh wlan export)](https://cmdcv.com/en/export-wifi-profile-netsh-windows): Export every remembered Wi-Fi network and its password to XML files. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Set Network Adapter Priority (Interface Metric)](https://cmdcv.com/en/set-adapter-priority-interface-metric-windows): Control which adapter Windows prefers when both Ethernet and Wi-Fi are connected. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Export and Reinstall Your Apps with winget export / import](https://cmdcv.com/en/winget-export-import-app-list-windows): Snapshot installed applications into a JSON file and batch-reinstall them on a fresh Windows setup. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Open Windows Terminal's settings.json Directly](https://cmdcv.com/en/windows-terminal-open-settings-windows): Jump straight into the terminal's JSON settings file to edit or back up your profiles. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Download the Latest PowerShell Help Files (Update-Help)](https://cmdcv.com/en/update-powershell-help-windows): Fill in complete Get-Help content — examples, parameter descriptions — that ships missing on fresh installs. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [List Installed PowerShell Modules (Get-Module)](https://cmdcv.com/en/list-installed-powershell-modules-windows): Show every module available on the machine, with versions and file paths. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Stabilize Shaky Video with FFmpeg (vidstab)](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-stabilize-video-windows): Two-pass command to analyze camera shake and smooth it out of your footage. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Extract Frames from a Video as Images (FFmpeg)](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-extract-frames-windows): Dump video frames to numbered PNG files at any interval. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Combine Multiple Images into One (PowerShell + System.Drawing)](https://cmdcv.com/en/combine-images-powershell-windows): Stack all JPG files in a folder vertically into a single combined image using built-in .NET drawing. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Convert GIF to MP4 with FFmpeg (Smaller and Smoother)](https://cmdcv.com/en/gif-to-mp4-ffmpeg-windows): Turn an animated GIF into an H.264 MP4 that is far smaller and plays on every device. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Convert HEIC Photos to JPG on Windows (ImageMagick)](https://cmdcv.com/en/heic-to-jpg-windows): Batch-convert iPhone HEIC images to universally readable JPG files. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Add a Watermark Logo to a Video (FFmpeg overlay)](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-add-watermark-image-windows): Burn a PNG logo into the corner of any video with one ffmpeg command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Run a Microsoft Defender Offline Scan](https://cmdcv.com/en/defender-offline-scan-windows): Reboot into Defender's offline environment to hunt rootkits and stubborn malware before Windows loads. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Set Account Lockout Policy (net accounts)](https://cmdcv.com/en/net-accounts-lockout-policy-windows): Automatically lock the account for 30 minutes after 5 wrong password attempts. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Enable or Disable Automatic Login (AutoAdminLogon Registry)](https://cmdcv.com/en/enable-autologon-registry-windows): Make Windows log into your account automatically at boot using the Winlogon registry values. — risk: high; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Turn On BitLocker Encryption with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/enable-bitlocker-powershell-windows): Encrypt your drive with BitLocker from the command line and get a recovery password. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Block an App From Accessing the Internet (Firewall Rule)](https://cmdcv.com/en/block-app-internet-firewall-outbound-windows): Create an outbound Windows Firewall rule that cuts a program off from the network. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Back Up and Restore Network Settings (netsh dump)](https://cmdcv.com/en/backup-network-config-netsh-dump-windows): Export every adapter, IP and DNS setting to a text file, then replay it to restore the configuration. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Stop Windows Turning Off Your Network Adapter (Power Saving)](https://cmdcv.com/en/disable-adapter-power-saving-windows): Disable adapter power management so Wi-Fi doesn't disconnect every time the PC sleeps. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Set a Network to Private or Public (Set-NetConnectionProfile)](https://cmdcv.com/en/set-network-profile-private-public-windows): Change the firewall profile of a Wi-Fi or Ethernet connection from the terminal. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Enable DNS over HTTPS (DoH) on Windows](https://cmdcv.com/en/enable-dns-over-https-windows): Encrypt your DNS lookups with a DoH server so your ISP cannot easily see which sites you visit. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Clear the Recent Files History from the Command Line](https://cmdcv.com/en/clear-recent-files-history): Delete the shortcut files that power Quick Access's Recent files, jump lists, and Office's recent-documents list in one command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Map a Folder to a Drive Letter with subst](https://cmdcv.com/en/subst-map-folder-drive-letter): Give any folder its own drive letter with subst — instant, reversible, and perfect for long paths, scripts, and old apps expecting a drive root. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [List Shadow Copies (Restore Points) with vssadmin](https://cmdcv.com/en/list-volume-shadow-copies): Check which volume shadow copies exist on a drive from the command line — know if Previous Versions can bring a file back before you give up. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Convert a FAT32 Drive to NTFS Without Losing Data](https://cmdcv.com/en/convert-fat32-to-ntfs): Use the built-in convert command to change a FAT/FAT32 volume to NTFS in place — files stay put, the 4 GB file limit disappears. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Format a USB Drive with Format-Volume](https://cmdcv.com/en/format-usb-drive-powershell): Format any volume to exFAT, FAT32, or NTFS from PowerShell with Format-Volume — the scriptable way to prep USB sticks and SD cards. — risk: high; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Mount an ISO as a Virtual Drive with Mount-DiskImage](https://cmdcv.com/en/mount-iso-image-powershell): Mount ISO (and VHD) files as virtual drives with PowerShell and get the new drive letter back — no third-party mounting tools. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Hide a Drive Letter with Remove-PartitionAccessPath](https://cmdcv.com/en/hide-drive-letter-windows): Remove a partition's drive letter so it disappears from File Explorer while all data stays intact — PowerShell instead of diskpart. — risk: high; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Move a Folder Without Breaking Programs: mklink /J Junctions](https://cmdcv.com/en/mklink-junction-folder): Relocate large folders to another drive and leave a junction behind so every program still finds them at the old path. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Reset NTFS Permissions to Inherited Defaults with icacls /reset](https://cmdcv.com/en/icacls-reset-inherited-permissions): Undo broken or chaotic NTFS permissions on a folder tree by making every file inherit fresh ACLs from its parent with icacls /reset /t. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Shrink hiberfil.sys with the Reduced Hibernate Type](https://cmdcv.com/en/powercfg-hibernate-type-reduced): Cut the hibernation file to about 40% of your RAM with powercfg /hibernate /type reduced — reclaim SSD space without losing hibernate. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [List Scheduled Tasks with Get-ScheduledTask](https://cmdcv.com/en/get-scheduled-task-list-windows): See every scheduled task's path, name, and state from PowerShell — audit what runs on your PC and find popup-triggering tasks. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Change a Network from Public to Private with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/set-network-private-profile-windows): Switch the network profile of any adapter between Public and Private using Set-NetConnectionProfile so sharing rules follow. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Uninstall Preinstalled Store Apps (Bloatware) with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/remove-preinstalled-apps-appx): Remove preinstalled Windows apps that lack an Uninstall button using Get-AppxPackage piped into Remove-AppxPackage. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check Page File Size and Usage with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-pagefile-usage-windows): Query Win32_PageFileUsage to see page file size, current usage, and peak usage — how close you are to memory exhaustion. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Set the Windows Telemetry / Diagnostic Data Level via Registry](https://cmdcv.com/en/telemetry-diagnostic-data-level): Limit the diagnostic data Windows sends to Microsoft by setting the AllowTelemetry policy value to 1 (required) in the registry. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Rename a Network Adapter with Rename-NetAdapter](https://cmdcv.com/en/rename-network-adapter-powershell): Give network adapters human-readable names (Office-LAN, VPN-Dongle) from PowerShell instead of clicking through ncpa.cpl. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Set the User Language List and Keyboard Layouts with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/set-language-list-powershell): Replace the current user's language/keyboard list in one shot with New-WinUserLanguageList and Set-WinUserLanguageList -Force. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Set the Regional Format (Culture) with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/set-regional-format-culture): Change date, time, number and currency formats with Set-Culture — the command-line equivalent of Settings > Regional format. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Change the Windows Display Language with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/set-display-language-powershell): Use Set-WinUILanguageOverride to switch the language Windows shows in menus and dialogs, e.g. to en-US or zh-CN. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Install a Font for All Users from the Command Line](https://cmdcv.com/en/install-font-all-users-windows): Copy a .ttf/.otf font into C:\Windows\Fonts and register it under HKLM so every account and every program can use it. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Enable a Windows Optional Feature from the Command Line](https://cmdcv.com/en/enable-windows-feature-dism): Turn on optional Windows features like the Telnet client or .NET 3.5 with Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature or DISM /enable-feature. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [List Windows Optional Features and Their State](https://cmdcv.com/en/list-windows-features-powershell): Use Get-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online to see every optional Windows feature and whether it is Enabled, Disabled, or removed. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Turn Fast Startup On or Off via the Registry](https://cmdcv.com/en/fast-startup-toggle-windows): Disable or re-enable Windows Fast Startup (hybrid boot) with the HiberbootEnabled registry value to fix shutdown and dual-boot problems. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Enable the Hidden Ultimate Performance Power Plan](https://cmdcv.com/en/ultimate-performance-power-plan): Unlock Windows' hidden Ultimate Performance power plan with powercfg -duplicatescheme for maximum responsiveness in games and heavy workloads. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Reset the Microsoft Store Cache with wsreset](https://cmdcv.com/en/reset-store-cache-windows): Fix a Microsoft Store that won't open or fails to download apps by clearing its cache with the built-in wsreset command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Back up to cloud storage with rclone](https://cmdcv.com/en/rclone-sync-cloud-drive): rclone supports 40+ cloud providers with rsync-like commands; sync makes the destination an exact mirror of the source. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Mount an ISO image on Linux](https://cmdcv.com/en/mount-iso-file-loop-linux): mount -o loop attaches an ISO to a loop device so its files are readable from a normal directory — no burning or extracting required. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Mount an Android phone over MTP](https://cmdcv.com/en/gio-mount-phone-mtp-access): gio mount exposes the phone's MTP storage as a gvfs location that terminal commands and file managers can both use. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Delete empty directories with find](https://cmdcv.com/en/find-delete-empty-directories): find -type d -empty lists directories containing no files or subdirectories; pair it with -delete (or -print first) to clean them up safely. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Recover deleted files with PhotoRec](https://cmdcv.com/en/photorec-recover-deleted-files): photorec scans a device sector by sector, ignoring the filesystem, and carves out files it recognizes by signature — often recovering data after rm, a quick format or a corrupted card. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Find duplicate files with fdupes](https://cmdcv.com/en/fdupes-find-duplicate-files): fdupes compares files by size then checksum and reports groups of identical files, with interactive deletion to keep one copy of each. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Mount a remote folder with sshfs](https://cmdcv.com/en/sshfs-mount-remote-folder): sshfs tunnels the SFTP protocol through an existing SSH connection, so remote files appear as a local directory editable with any program. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Mount an SMB network share on Linux](https://cmdcv.com/en/mount-cifs-nas-share-linux): mount -t cifs attaches a NAS/Samba/Windows share to a local directory; uid/gid options make the files writable by your user. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Delete to the recycle bin with gio trash](https://cmdcv.com/en/gio-trash-gnome-recycle-bin): gio trash sends files to the standard desktop Trash (recoverable from Files/Nautilus), unlike rm which deletes immediately and forever. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Catch up missed cron jobs with anacron](https://cmdcv.com/en/anacron-run-missed-cron-jobs): anacron complements cron on desktop machines: jobs scheduled daily or weekly run at the next boot if the machine was off at their scheduled time. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check your BIOS version from Linux](https://cmdcv.com/en/dmidecode-check-bios-version): dmidecode reads the DMI/SMBIOS table to report the exact BIOS version and board model — the values you compare against the vendor's update page. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [List detailed hardware with lshw](https://cmdcv.com/en/lshw-hardware-inventory): lshw enumerates the full hardware tree — memory slot population, CPU cores, disk models, NIC firmware — which is exactly what you need before a RAM upgrade or driver hunt. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Find battery drainers with PowerTOP](https://cmdcv.com/en/powertop-power-consumption-report): powertop shows per-process power usage and lets you apply the kernel's recommended power-saving tunables with one command. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Fix 'umount: target is busy'](https://cmdcv.com/en/umount-target-busy-find-process): fuser -vm shows the processes holding files open on a mounted device; close them (or stop your own shell sitting in that directory) so umount succeeds. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check why an app crashed with coredumpctl](https://cmdcv.com/en/coredumpctl-inspect-crashes): coredumpctl lists every crash the kernel recorded, when it happened, and can show a backtrace for the crash you care about. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [List disks and filesystems with lsblk -f](https://cmdcv.com/en/lsblk-filesystem-types-fstab): lsblk -f prints every block device as a tree with its filesystem type, UUID, label and mount point — the quickest way to identify which partition is which before formatting or mounting. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Manage GNOME extensions from the terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/gnome-extensions-list-extensions): gnome-extensions lists installed extensions with their UUIDs and can enable, disable or inspect any of them without the Extensions app. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Keep journal logs after reboot (persistent journal)](https://cmdcv.com/en/journald-enable-persistent-logs): Create /var/log/journal and restart journald so boot logs are kept permanently and `journalctl --boot=-1` can inspect the previous boot. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Manage Thunderbolt devices with boltctl](https://cmdcv.com/en/boltctl-list-thunderbolt-devices): boltctl lists connected Thunderbolt/USB4 docks and drives, whether they are authorized, and lets you enroll or forget them. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Test a game controller with jstest](https://cmdcv.com/en/jstest-game-controller-test): jstest displays every axis and button of a gamepad in real time so you can confirm the kernel sees it and it works. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check which devices support firmware updates](https://cmdcv.com/en/fwupdmgr-get-devices-firmware-info): fwupdmgr get-devices lists every device fwupd knows about, with its current firmware version and update availability. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Update device firmware with fwupdmgr](https://cmdcv.com/en/fwupdmgr-update-firmware): fwupdmgr checks LVFS for firmware updates (BIOS/UEFI, SSD, dock, touchpad) and installs them safely from the running system. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Change the CPU governor for speed or battery](https://cmdcv.com/en/cpupower-set-cpu-governor): Use cpupower frequency-set to force the performance or powersave scaling governor on all CPU cores. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Improve laptop battery life with TLP](https://cmdcv.com/en/tlp-battery-optimization-status): Install and enable TLP so Linux automatically applies power-saving settings for battery operation; check results with tlp-stat. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Test a scanner connection with scanimage -L](https://cmdcv.com/en/scanimage-list-test-scanner): Run scanimage -L to list scanners detected by SANE; the output shows the device name if your scanner is recognized and plugged in. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Run Commands Under Rosetta with arch](https://cmdcv.com/en/arch-run-under-rosetta): Execute any command as an Intel binary on an Apple Silicon Mac. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Show Per-Process Network Usage with nettop](https://cmdcv.com/en/nettop-process-network-usage): Monitor which processes are sending and receiving data, live, with the built-in nettop. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [List This Mac's Shared Services](https://cmdcv.com/en/sharing-list-shared-services): See what your Mac is currently sharing with the network using the built-in sharing tool. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Turn Off SMB File Sharing](https://cmdcv.com/en/disable-smb-file-sharing-launchctl): Stop the smbd daemon so this Mac stops offering file sharing over the network. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Password-Protect a Zip Archive](https://cmdcv.com/en/zip-password-protect-files): Create an encrypted zip with zip -e so only people with the password can open it. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Read an App's Preferences with defaults](https://cmdcv.com/en/defaults-read-app-domain): Dump every stored key of a preference domain to see what an app actually saved. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Find App Crash Reports on Disk](https://cmdcv.com/en/view-crash-reports-diagnosticreports): Locate the newest .ips crash logs macOS wrote when an app quit unexpectedly. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Eject a Stuck Disc Tray with drutil](https://cmdcv.com/en/drutil-tray-eject): Force an optical drive's tray open (or closed) from Terminal. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Start the Screensaver from the Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/start-screensaver-terminal): Launch the screensaver immediately with the system ScreenSaverEngine app. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Change the Default Screenshot Format](https://cmdcv.com/en/screencapture-change-image-format): Set screenshots to save as JPG (or another format) permanently with defaults write. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Play/Pause Music from the Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/osascript-music-playpause): Toggle playback in the Music app with a one-line AppleScript. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Inspect a Media File's Streams with ffprobe](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffprobe-show-media-info): Show codecs, bitrates, resolution, and duration for any audio or video file. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Extract a Single Frame from a Video](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-extract-single-frame): Grab one frame at any timestamp as an image with one ffmpeg command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Copy Files Securely with scp](https://cmdcv.com/en/scp-copy-files-over-ssh): Transfer a file to another machine over SSH with one command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Review Recent Login History with last](https://cmdcv.com/en/last-show-login-history): See the last logins, reboots, and shutdowns recorded on your Mac. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Change Your Mac Password from the Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/passwd-change-account-password): Rotate your own login password with the standard passwd command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Disable the Guest Account on Your Mac](https://cmdcv.com/en/disable-guest-account): Remove the Guest user from the login window with a single defaults write. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Block a Website by Editing /etc/hosts](https://cmdcv.com/en/block-website-hosts-file): Point a domain to 127.0.0.1 so every browser on this Mac fails to reach it. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check the Active Proxy Settings with scutil](https://cmdcv.com/en/scutil-show-proxy-config): Print the proxy dictionary macOS is really using — including auto-config (PAC) scripts. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Show the Network Service Order](https://cmdcv.com/en/networksetup-list-service-order): Print the order in which macOS uses Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and VPN services with one command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Measure Real Download Speed with curl](https://cmdcv.com/en/measure-download-speed-curl): See how fast a specific server actually transfers data, in bytes per second, using plain curl. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Follow a URL's Redirect Chain with curl](https://cmdcv.com/en/curl-follow-redirect-chain): Reveal every hop a short link or http:// address passes through before reaching the final page. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Trace the Network Path to a Website](https://cmdcv.com/en/traceroute-diagnose-network-path): Find where a connection becomes slow by printing every router hop with traceroute. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Renew the DHCP Lease and Get a New IP Address](https://cmdcv.com/en/renew-dhcp-lease-ipconfig): Force the router to hand out a fresh IP address with ipconfig set en0 DHCP. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Turn Off IPv6 on a Network Service](https://cmdcv.com/en/disable-ipv6-networksetup): Disable IPv6 on Wi-Fi or Ethernet with networksetup -setv6off when IPv6 causes connection problems. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Force-Index a File with mdimport](https://cmdcv.com/en/mdimport-force-spotlight-index-file): Push a specific file or folder into the Spotlight index, or preview its extracted metadata, with mdimport. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Quit or Restart a Frozen App with killall](https://cmdcv.com/en/killall-restart-frozen-app): Force-quit a hung macOS application by name from the terminal using killall, then relaunch it in one more command. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Detect Memory Leaks in a Running Process with leaks](https://cmdcv.com/en/leaks-check-memory-leaks): Scan a live macOS process for unreachable malloc memory using the built-in leaks command. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Inspect a Process's Memory with vmmap](https://cmdcv.com/en/vmmap-process-memory-map): Break down a macOS process's RAM usage by region and type using the built-in vmmap tool. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Capture a System-Wide Stall Report with spindump](https://cmdcv.com/en/spindump-report-unresponsive-system): Record what every process was doing during a system freeze using spindump's whole-system stack sampling. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Diagnose a Hanging App with sample](https://cmdcv.com/en/sample-hanging-app-diagnosis): Capture a stack-sample report of an unresponsive macOS app using the built-in sample command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check or Set a Firmware Password with firmwarepasswd](https://cmdcv.com/en/firmwarepasswd-check-firmware-password): Use firmwarepasswd to verify whether an Open Firmware password protects your Intel Mac from booting other disks. — risk: high; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Scan Nearby Wi-Fi Networks with the airport Command](https://cmdcv.com/en/airport-scan-wifi-security): List surrounding Wi-Fi networks with signal, channel, and encryption type using the hidden airport scan command. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check and Enable the macOS Firewall with socketfilterfw](https://cmdcv.com/en/socketfilterfw-enable-firewall): Turn the built-in macOS application firewall on or off, and allow specific apps, via the socketfilterfw command. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Turn Automatic Update Checks On or Off with softwareupdate](https://cmdcv.com/en/softwareupdate-schedule-automatic-checks): Enable or disable macOS background update checks from the terminal with softwareupdate --schedule. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Control Sleep Battery Drain with pmset standbydelay](https://cmdcv.com/en/pmset-standbydelay-battery-drain): Adjust how long your Mac sleeps normally before hibernating, using pmset standbydelay. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Set the Network Time Server with systemsetup](https://cmdcv.com/en/systemsetup-set-network-time-server): Point a Mac at an NTP time server and enable automatic clock sync from the command line with systemsetup. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Make a Bootable macOS USB Installer with createinstallmedia](https://cmdcv.com/en/createinstallmedia-bootable-usb): Turn any 16 GB+ USB stick into a bootable macOS installer using Apple's built-in createinstallmedia tool. — risk: high; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Change Your Mac's Computer Name with scutil](https://cmdcv.com/en/scutil-set-computername): Rename your Mac the reliable way using scutil --set so AirDrop, sharing, and Find My show the name you want. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Make Finder Search the Current Folder by Default](https://cmdcv.com/en/finder-search-scope-current-folder): Change the scope behind the magnifying glass in Finder windows via defaults. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Batch Rename Files by Replacing Text in the Name](https://cmdcv.com/en/batch-rename-replace-text-filenames): Use a shell loop with parameter expansion to rename many files safely. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Copy a List of File Names to the Clipboard](https://cmdcv.com/en/copy-filenames-clipboard-pbcopy): Send folder listings or command output straight to the macOS clipboard. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Convert Windows CRLF Line Endings to Unix LF](https://cmdcv.com/en/convert-line-endings-crlf-lf): Strip carriage returns from Windows-origin text, CSV, and script files. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Rejoin Split File Chunks with cat](https://cmdcv.com/en/rejoin-split-files-cat): Reconstruct a large file exactly from its split pieces. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Split a Large File into Chunks with split -b](https://cmdcv.com/en/split-large-file-chunks): Cut multi-GB files into fixed-size pieces for transfer or storage limits. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Compare Subfolder Sizes with du -d 1](https://cmdcv.com/en/compare-subfolder-sizes-du-depth): One-line disk usage breakdown of every folder one level deep. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Find Files Modified Today with find -mtime](https://cmdcv.com/en/find-recent-files-modified-today): List everything changed recently in a folder tree before syncing or backing it up. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Back Up a Folder to a tar.gz Archive](https://cmdcv.com/en/tar-gz-folder-backup): Compress a whole directory tree into a single file with the built-in tar. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Password-Protect a Zip File with zip -e](https://cmdcv.com/en/zip-password-protect-archive): Encrypt an archive from Terminal before emailing or uploading it. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Download iCloud Drive Files Locally with brctl](https://cmdcv.com/en/brctl-download-icloud-drive): Trigger the hidden iCloud sync daemon to fetch file contents on demand. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Apply Finder Tags to Files from the Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/file-tagging-xattr): Write the `com.apple.metadata:_kMDItemUserTags` extended attribute used by Finder labels. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Set Which Folder New Finder Windows Open To](https://cmdcv.com/en/finder-new-window-opens-folder): Replace the default “Recents” target with Documents, Home, or any folder. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Free the Inactive Memory Cache with `sudo purge`](https://cmdcv.com/en/purge-memory-cache): Force macOS to discard cached file buffers after big file operations. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Turn Off Spotlight Indexing for a Volume with mdutil](https://cmdcv.com/en/mdutil-disable-spotlight-indexing): Save CPU and disk churn on drives you never search from Finder. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Set the Default App for a File Type with duti](https://cmdcv.com/en/duti-set-default-app-filetype): Script-batch change file associations on macOS instead of clicking Get Info repeatedly. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Reset the Quick Look Thumbnail Cache with qlmanage](https://cmdcv.com/en/qlmanage-reset-quicklook-thumbnails): Clear stale Finder preview thumbnails without touching your files. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Create an APFS Local Snapshot with tmutil localsnapshot](https://cmdcv.com/en/tmutil-localsnapshot-create): Make a point-in-time restore point on the internal disk in seconds. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Exclude a Folder from Time Machine with tmutil addexclusion](https://cmdcv.com/en/tmutil-addexclusion-backup): Keep volatile folders like VM images and caches out of every backup. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Quit All Open Apps at Once with osascript](https://cmdcv.com/en/quit-all-apps-osascript): Send a graceful quit signal to every foreground macOS application. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Create a Calendar Event from the Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/calendar-create-event-osascript): Add a titled, timed event to a specific macOS Calendar via AppleScript. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Add a Reminder from the Terminal with AppleScript](https://cmdcv.com/en/reminders-create-reminder-osascript): Insert a due-dated task into Reminders without opening the app. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Create a Note in Apple Notes from the Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/notes-create-note-osascript): Use osascript AppleScript to add a titled note to your Notes app. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [List All Installed Shortcuts with `shortcuts list`](https://cmdcv.com/en/shortcuts-list-cli): Print the exact names of every shortcut in your library from Terminal. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Run a Shortcut from the Command Line with `shortcuts run`](https://cmdcv.com/en/shortcuts-run-shortcut-cli): Launch any saved Shortcuts automation directly from Terminal on macOS 12+. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [List Installed Python Packages with pip on Windows](https://cmdcv.com/en/pip-list-installed-packages-windows): See every Python package installed in the current environment and export a requirements list. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [List Globally Installed npm Packages on Windows](https://cmdcv.com/en/npm-list-global-packages-windows): See every npm package installed globally (tools like serve, nodemon, yarn) with one command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [List Installed .NET SDKs and Runtimes on Windows](https://cmdcv.com/en/dotnet-list-sdks-runtimes-windows): See every .NET SDK and runtime version on the machine with two quick dotnet options. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Disable Xbox Game Bar and Background Recording via Registry](https://cmdcv.com/en/disable-game-bar-registry-windows): Turn off the Xbox Game Bar overlay and its background game recording on Windows 10/11. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Normalize MP3 Loudness on Windows with FFmpeg (loudnorm)](https://cmdcv.com/en/mp3-normalize-loudnorm-windows): Even out the volume of MP3 files so they all play at a consistent loudness using the loudnorm filter. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Block USB Storage Devices (Flash Drives) via Registry](https://cmdcv.com/en/block-usb-storage-registry-windows): Stop Windows from mounting USB flash drives and external disks by disabling the USBSTOR service. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Turn On Defender Ransomware Protection (Controlled Folder Access) via PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/defender-ransomware-protection-powershell): Use Set-MpPreference to enable controlled folder access so only trusted apps can modify your documents. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Enable LSA Protection (RunAsPPL) on Windows](https://cmdcv.com/en/enable-lsa-protection-windows): Protect saved Windows credentials from theft by running LSASS as a protected process. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Turn Off Windows Copilot via Registry](https://cmdcv.com/en/disable-copilot-registry-windows): Remove the Copilot AI button and app from Windows 11 using Microsoft's official TurnOffWindowsCopilot policy. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Disable Bing Web Search in the Windows Start Menu (Registry)](https://cmdcv.com/en/disable-web-search-start-menu-windows): Stop Start menu searches from sending your queries to Bing and showing web results. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Disable the Widgets Button on the Windows 11 Taskbar (Registry)](https://cmdcv.com/en/disable-widgets-registry-windows): Hide the weather/news widgets button on the taskbar for good using a simple registry value. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check If a Windows Disk Uses MBR or GPT Partition Style](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-partition-style-mbr-gpt-windows): One PowerShell command to see the partition table style (MBR or GPT) of every drive in your PC. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Clear All Windows Event Logs with wevtutil](https://cmdcv.com/en/clear-event-logs-wevtutil-windows): How to wipe Windows event logs (Application, System, Security and more) from the command line using wevtutil. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Live CPU profiling with perf top](https://cmdcv.com/en/perf-top-live-cpu-profiling): See in real time which functions and kernel paths are consuming CPU across the whole system. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Edit files in the terminal with nano](https://cmdcv.com/en/nano-edit-files-in-terminal): The beginner-friendly terminal editor: open, edit, save and exit a file with on-screen shortcuts. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Use sqlite3 for a quick local database](https://cmdcv.com/en/sqlite3-basics-local-database): Store and query structured data in a single file with SQLite — no server, no setup. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Play a video with external subtitles in mpv](https://cmdcv.com/en/mpv-load-external-subtitles): Attach an SRT/ASS subtitle file to a video when mpv does not pick it up automatically. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Password-protect a PDF with qpdf](https://cmdcv.com/en/qpdf-password-protect-pdf): Encrypt a PDF with a user and owner password (AES-256) from the command line. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Split a PDF into single-page files (pdfseparate)](https://cmdcv.com/en/pdfseparate-split-pdf-pages): Turn a multi-page PDF into one PDF per page with poppler's pdfseparate. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Control PipeWire volume from the terminal (wpctl)](https://cmdcv.com/en/wpctl-pipewire-volume-control): Set, raise, lower or mute the default audio output on PipeWire-based systems with wpctl. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Rescue a broken system with chroot from a live USB](https://cmdcv.com/en/chroot-rescue-broken-system): Boot a live USB, mount the installed system and chroot into it so repairs (grub, packages, fstab) run against the real system. — risk: high; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Start ssh-agent and add your SSH key](https://cmdcv.com/en/ssh-agent-start-add-keys): Load your passphrase-protected SSH key into the agent so git push and ssh connect without re-typing the passphrase. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Transfer files securely with sftp](https://cmdcv.com/en/sftp-transfer-files-securely): Copy files to and from a server through the encrypted SSH File Transfer Protocol. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Reset a GNOME setting to default (dconf)](https://cmdcv.com/en/dconf-reset-gnome-setting): Fix a misbehaving GNOME preference by resetting its dconf key — or a whole settings folder — to factory defaults. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check NTP time sync status with chronyc](https://cmdcv.com/en/chronyc-tracking-check-time-sync): Verify that chrony is keeping the clock accurate and which NTP servers it uses. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Set up zram compressed swap](https://cmdcv.com/en/zram-compressed-swap-setup): Create a compressed RAM-backed swap device so the system handles memory pressure without hitting slow disk swap. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Use tar on Windows to Create and Extract Archives](https://cmdcv.com/en/tar-windows): Windows 10/11 bundle bsdtar, so tar -czf and tar -xzf work natively in cmd and PowerShell — including .zip files. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [curl vs curl.exe in PowerShell: The Alias Trap](https://cmdcv.com/en/curl-vs-invoke-webrequest-windows): In Windows PowerShell, curl and wget are aliases for Invoke-WebRequest — call curl.exe explicitly to run the real curl. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Switch the Console to UTF-8 with chcp 65001](https://cmdcv.com/en/chcp-utf8-windows): Change the cmd code page to 65001 so UTF-8 output from scripts and tools displays correctly instead of mojibake. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Open the Startup Folder (shell:startup)](https://cmdcv.com/en/open-startup-folder-windows): Add or remove logon-startup programs by opening shell:startup (current user) or shell:common startup (all users). — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Customize the 'Send to' Menu (shell:sendto)](https://cmdcv.com/en/customize-send-to-menu-windows): Open the hidden SendTo folder with shell:sendto and drop shortcuts in it to add entries to Explorer's Send to menu. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Copy a List of File Names to the Clipboard](https://cmdcv.com/en/file-names-to-clipboard-windows): Pipe Get-ChildItem's Name property into Set-Clipboard (or dir /b into clip) to copy a clean file listing. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Create a Desktop Shortcut with PowerShell (WScript.Shell)](https://cmdcv.com/en/create-desktop-shortcut-windows): Generate .lnk shortcut files from a script using the WScript.Shell COM object and CreateShortcut. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Delete Files to the Recycle Bin from PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/delete-to-recycle-bin-windows): Use Microsoft.VisualBasic.FileIO.FileSystem.DeleteFile/DeleteDirectory with SendToRecycleBin for recoverable deletes in scripts. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Change a Drive Letter with PowerShell (Set-Partition)](https://cmdcv.com/en/change-drive-letter-windows): Reassign a volume's drive letter with the Storage module instead of clicking through Disk Management. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check if a File Is Locked (In Use) with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/file-in-use-check-windows): Test whether another program is holding a file open by attempting an exclusive .NET File.Open inside try/catch. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Enable Long Paths on Windows (Fix 'Path Too Long')](https://cmdcv.com/en/enable-long-paths-windows): Lift the 260-character path limit by setting LongPathsEnabled=1 in the registry, for deep node_modules or archive trees. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Stop Sharing a Folder with Remove-SmbShare](https://cmdcv.com/en/remove-folder-share-windows): List all SMB shares with Get-SmbShare, then delete an unwanted share with Remove-SmbShare -Force. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Share a Folder from PowerShell with New-SmbShare](https://cmdcv.com/en/share-folder-windows): Create an SMB network share with explicit access rights using the SmbShare module — the scripted version of Explorer's Sharing tab. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Map a Network Drive with PowerShell (New-PSDrive)](https://cmdcv.com/en/map-network-drive-windows): Map \\server\share to a drive letter with New-PSDrive -Persist, the PowerShell replacement for net use. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Open File Explorer from the Command Line (explorer .)](https://cmdcv.com/en/open-explorer-from-terminal): Launch Explorer at the current directory or highlight a specific file using explorer.exe command-line switches. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Get a Folder's Total Size with PowerShell (du for Windows)](https://cmdcv.com/en/folder-size-powershell): Sum file sizes recursively with Get-ChildItem and Measure-Object Length -Sum to see how much space a folder occupies. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Find Empty Folders on Windows with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/find-empty-folders-windows): List every folder that contains nothing (hidden files included) using Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Directory and a count check. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Count Files in a Folder with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/count-files-in-folder-windows): Count files (optionally recursively through subfolders) with Get-ChildItem and Measure-Object on Windows. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Merge Multiple Text Files into One with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/merge-text-files-powershell): Concatenate many .txt/.csv/.log files into a single file with Get-Content, Set-Content or cmd's type/copy. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Find Files Modified Recently with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/search-files-by-date-modified-windows): Filter Get-ChildItem results by LastWriteTime to list every file changed in the last N days, sorted newest first. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [List Your Recently Opened Files from the Command Line](https://cmdcv.com/en/recent-files-list-windows): Read Windows' Recent items folder (%APPDATA%\Microsoft\Windows\Recent) with PowerShell to see every file you opened lately. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Open the Downloads Folder with shell:Downloads](https://cmdcv.com/en/open-downloads-folder-windows): Use the shell:Downloads shortcut with start (or the Run dialog) to jump straight to known folders like Downloads, Desktop or Startup. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Show Hidden Files from the Command Line (Registry)](https://cmdcv.com/en/show-hidden-files-windows): Toggle Windows' 'show hidden files' and 'show protected OS files' options by editing the Explorer Advanced registry values with reg add. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Open Windows Terminal in the current folder](https://cmdcv.com/en/open-terminal-here-windows): Launch a terminal pre-positioned in whatever folder you are working in. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Find Duplicate Files by Hash in PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/find-duplicate-files-windows): Group duplicate files by SHA256 hash with Get-FileHash and Group-Object to clean up copied photos and documents on Windows. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Unblock a downloaded file on Windows](https://cmdcv.com/en/unblock-downloaded-file-windows): Remove the Mark of the Web from downloaded files with Unblock-File. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Require Network Level Authentication for Remote Desktop](https://cmdcv.com/en/require-nla-remote-desktop-windows): Set UserAuthentication to 1 so RDP clients must authenticate before a session is created. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check the User Account Control (UAC) level on Windows](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-uac-level-windows): Read EnableLUA and ConsentPromptBehaviorAdmin from the registry to see the current UAC settings. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Delete a saved credential from Windows Credential Manager](https://cmdcv.com/en/delete-credential-manager-entry-windows): Remove stored usernames and passwords with cmdkey /delete after a password change. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check Wi-Fi signal strength and channel on Windows](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-wifi-signal-windows): Show live details of the current wireless connection with netsh wlan show interfaces. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Change a Windows account password with net user](https://cmdcv.com/en/change-account-password-net-user): Reset a local user's password from an elevated prompt without typing it in plain text. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check whether the Windows firewall is enabled](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-firewall-profile-status-windows): Show the on/off state of all three firewall profiles with one netsh command. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Start Windows Sandbox from the command line](https://cmdcv.com/en/start-windows-sandbox): Launch a disposable isolated desktop with WindowsSandbox.exe for testing untrusted files. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Show logged-on users on Windows with quser](https://cmdcv.com/en/query-user-quser-windows): List user sessions, sign-in times and idle time from the command line. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check if a Windows terminal is running as administrator](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-admin-elevation-windows): Test admin elevation in PowerShell with the WindowsPrincipal role check. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [View the DNS client cache on Windows](https://cmdcv.com/en/view-dns-client-cache-windows): Inspect cached DNS records with Get-DnsClientCache before or instead of flushing. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check network adapter status on Windows](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-network-adapter-status-windows): List adapters with connection state and link speed using Get-NetAdapter. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Allow ping (ICMP echo) through the Windows firewall](https://cmdcv.com/en/allow-ping-firewall-windows): Create an inbound firewall rule for ICMPv4 echo requests so the PC answers ping. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Disconnect a mapped network drive on Windows](https://cmdcv.com/en/disconnect-mapped-drive-windows): Delete a drive mapping or lingering SMB connection with net use /delete. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Disable or enable IPv6 on a network adapter](https://cmdcv.com/en/disable-ipv6-adapter-binding-windows): Toggle the ms_tcpip6 binding per adapter with Disable-NetAdapterBinding / Enable-NetAdapterBinding. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [List Bluetooth devices on Windows with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/list-bluetooth-devices-windows): Show paired Bluetooth adapters and accessories and their status via Get-PnpDevice. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Enable Remote Desktop from the command line](https://cmdcv.com/en/enable-remote-desktop-windows): Flip fDenyTSConnections to 0 to allow RDP connections to this PC. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Edit the Windows hosts file from the command line](https://cmdcv.com/en/edit-hosts-file-windows): Open the hosts file in Notepad as administrator, or append an entry with Add-Content. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check the per-user proxy settings in the Windows registry](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-user-proxy-settings-windows): Read ProxyEnable and ProxyServer from HKCU Internet Settings to see the proxy configured in Windows Settings. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Show and set the WinHTTP proxy on Windows](https://cmdcv.com/en/netsh-winhttp-proxy-windows): Inspect the machine-level proxy with netsh winhttp show proxy and change it with set or reset. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [View full network configuration with ipconfig /all](https://cmdcv.com/en/view-network-config-ipconfig-all-windows): Show every adapter's IP, subnet, gateway, DHCP and DNS servers in one command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Find the MAC address of your network adapter on Windows](https://cmdcv.com/en/find-mac-address-windows): List adapter physical addresses with getmac or Get-NetAdapter. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Connect to Wi-Fi from the Windows command line](https://cmdcv.com/en/connect-wifi-netsh-windows): Start a wireless connection to a saved network profile with netsh wlan connect. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Show a saved Wi-Fi password on Windows](https://cmdcv.com/en/show-wifi-password-windows): Reveal the stored password of a wireless network Windows has connected to, using netsh wlan show profile key=clear. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Forget a Wi-Fi network on Windows with netsh](https://cmdcv.com/en/forget-wifi-network-windows): Remove a saved wireless profile so Windows stops auto-connecting to a network, using netsh wlan delete profile. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Configure Git User Name and Email on Windows](https://cmdcv.com/en/git-config-user-setup-windows): Set the identity Git attaches to every commit — the required first step after installing Git. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check the UAC Setting from the Registry (PowerShell)](https://cmdcv.com/en/uac-level-check-windows): Read whether User Account Control is enabled and which admin-approval prompt level Windows uses. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check Memory Integrity (HVCI) Status with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/memory-integrity-hvci-check-windows): Verify that Windows Core Isolation's memory integrity protection is switched on and running, not just configured. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Purge Cached Kerberos Tickets with klist](https://cmdcv.com/en/klist-purge-kerberos-tickets-windows): Delete all cached domain authentication tickets so Windows requests fresh ones with your new credentials. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check If SMBv1 Is Enabled (PowerShell)](https://cmdcv.com/en/smbv1-status-check-windows): Find out whether the legacy SMBv1 protocol — the one ransomware worms exploit — is still turned on for file sharing. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [List Windows Defender Quarantined Files (MpCmdRun)](https://cmdcv.com/en/defender-quarantine-list-windows): Show every file Defender has quarantined from the command line, without opening the Security app. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Open a Folder in VS Code from the Terminal (code .)](https://cmdcv.com/en/open-folder-vscode-windows): Launch Visual Studio Code on the current directory using its built-in command-line interface. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check Your PowerShell Version ($PSVersionTable)](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-powershell-version-windows): See which PowerShell version and edition is running before running version-sensitive scripts. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Run Python with the py Launcher on Windows](https://cmdcv.com/en/python-launcher-windows): Start Python scripts and switch between installed Python versions using the built-in py.exe launcher. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Time a PowerShell Command (Measure-Command)](https://cmdcv.com/en/measure-command-timing-windows): Measure exactly how long a command, pipeline or script block takes to execute. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Log a PowerShell Session to a File (Start-Transcript)](https://cmdcv.com/en/start-transcript-session-log-windows): Capture every command and its output in a running PowerShell session into a timestamped log file. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Show Recent Windows Logon Events (Security event 4624)](https://cmdcv.com/en/logon-events-recent-windows): List the latest successful sign-ins recorded in the Windows Security event log with PowerShell. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Update Windows Defender Signatures from the Command Line (MpCmdRun)](https://cmdcv.com/en/defender-update-definitions-windows): Trigger an immediate Microsoft Defender antivirus definition update without opening the Security app. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [List Installed Sound Devices and Their Status (PowerShell)](https://cmdcv.com/en/audio-devices-list-windows): Query Windows for every audio device it detects and see whether each driver reports OK. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Speed Up or Slow Down a Video with FFmpeg (setpts)](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-change-playback-speed-windows): Change a video's playback speed from the command line, adjusting video and audio together. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Convert Audio Formats with FFmpeg (M4A→MP3, MP3→WAV)](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-convert-audio-format-windows): Transcode any audio file between MP3, M4A/AAC, WAV, FLAC and more from the command line. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Remove the Audio Track from a Video (FFmpeg -an)](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-remove-audio-track-windows): Produce a silent copy of a video by dropping its audio stream without re-encoding the picture. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Rotate a Video 90 Degrees with FFmpeg (transpose)](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-rotate-video-windows): Turn a sideways or upside-down video upright using FFmpeg's transpose filter without an editor. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Trim an Audio Clip with FFmpeg (-ss / -to)](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-trim-audio-windows): Cut a section out of an MP3/WAV audio file between two timestamps directly from the command line. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Extract Audio from a Video as MP3 (FFmpeg)](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-extract-audio-windows): Pull the sound track out of any video file and save it as an MP3 with one FFmpeg command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Convert MOV to MP4 on Windows (FFmpeg)](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-convert-mov-to-mp4-windows): Turn a QuickTime .mov clip into a universally playable .mp4 file with one FFmpeg command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Compress a Video to a Smaller File (FFmpeg H.264)](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-compress-video-windows): Reduce a video's file size with FFmpeg's constant-quality CRF mode so it fits email and chat upload limits. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Change the Volume of a Video (FFmpeg volume filter)](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-adjust-video-volume-windows): Boost or lower a video's audio track with the FFmpeg volume filter while the video stream is copied untouched. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Add a Subtitle Track to a Video (FFmpeg)](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-add-subtitle-track-windows): Mux an SRT subtitle file into an MP4 as a selectable soft-subtitle track without re-encoding the video. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Merge Multiple Videos Into One File (FFmpeg concat)](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-concat-merge-videos-windows): Concatenate several clips that share the same codec and resolution into a single video file from the command line. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Apply Group Policy Now with gpupdate /force](https://cmdcv.com/en/force-group-policy-update): Re-fetch and reapply computer and user policies immediately on a domain machine — the IT classic. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check Screen Resolution with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-screen-resolution-powershell): Read the resolution of every connected monitor via the .NET Screen class — handy over RDP where the Display settings page misleads. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [List Connected USB Devices with Get-PnpDevice](https://cmdcv.com/en/list-usb-devices-powershell): See every currently attached USB device, its driver status, and instance ID — faster than clicking through Device Manager. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check TPM 2.0 Status with Get-Tpm](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-tpm-status-powershell): See whether the Trusted Platform Module exists, is enabled, and is ready — the other half of the Windows 11 hardware check. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check Secure Boot Status with Confirm-SecureBootUEFI](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-secure-boot-powershell): One cmdlet tells you whether Secure Boot is on — the check PC Health does before a Windows 11 upgrade. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Empty the Recycle Bin with Clear-RecycleBin](https://cmdcv.com/en/empty-recycle-bin-powershell): Purge deleted files from the Recycle Bin in one PowerShell command, with optional per-drive scoping. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Set the Time Zone with Set-TimeZone](https://cmdcv.com/en/set-timezone-powershell): List available Windows time zones and switch the system zone from PowerShell — no Settings navigation. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Force a Clock Resync with w32tm /resync](https://cmdcv.com/en/resync-clock-w32tm): Immediately re-synchronize the Windows clock with its time server when it drifts minutes behind or ahead. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Install Windows Updates from PowerShell (PSWindowsUpdate)](https://cmdcv.com/en/install-windows-updates-pswindowsupdate): Search, download, install, and reboot into updates without opening Settings — ideal for RDP sessions and scripting. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Open Any Settings Page with ms-settings: URIs](https://cmdcv.com/en/ms-settings-open-settings-uri): Deep-link straight to a specific Windows Settings page from Run, CMD, or a shortcut — no more clicking through categories. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Open Devices and Printers with "control printers"](https://cmdcv.com/en/open-devices-printers-cmd): Launch the classic Devices and Printers folder from Run, a shortcut, or a batch script. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Restart Explorer to Fix a Frozen Taskbar or Desktop](https://cmdcv.com/en/restart-explorer-powershell): Kill and auto-restart explorer.exe — the classic repair for a dead Start menu, unresponsive taskbar, or glitchy icons. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Recover the OEM Windows Key Embedded in Firmware](https://cmdcv.com/en/find-oem-product-key-wmic): Read the product key burned into UEFI/BIOS by the manufacturer — the key a clean Windows install reuses automatically. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check for a Pending Reboot in the Registry](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-pending-reboot-registry): Detect whether Windows updates, servicing, or installs are waiting for a restart — a common cause of "it worked after I rebooted". — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Enable Hibernate with powercfg /hibernate on](https://cmdcv.com/en/enable-hibernate-powercfg): Restore the missing Hibernate option and the hiberfil.sys file it depends on, from an admin prompt. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check Free Space on All Drives with Get-PSDrive](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-drive-space-psdrive): A quick PowerShell table of used and free gigabytes across every local and mapped drive. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [List Installed Printers with Get-Printer](https://cmdcv.com/en/list-printers-powershell): See every printer Windows knows about — name, driver, port, and status — in a single PowerShell table. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Set the Default Printer from PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/set-default-printer-powershell): Point Windows' default printer at the device you actually use, via the WScript.Network COM object. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Clear a Stuck Print Queue with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/clear-print-queue-powershell): Delete stuck print jobs and restart the print spooler instead of rebooting the whole PC. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check GPU Model and Driver Version with PowerShell](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-gpu-model-driver-powershell): See which graphics card Windows detects, its driver version, and current output resolution in one line. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check BIOS/UEFI Version with Win32_BIOS](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-bios-version-powershell): Read the exact firmware version and release date from Windows before downloading a BIOS update. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check RAM Slots and Sticks with Win32_PhysicalMemory](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-ram-slots-powershell): Find out how many memory modules are populated, their capacity and speed, and how many slots your motherboard has. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Create a Local User Account with New-LocalUser](https://cmdcv.com/en/new-localuser-create-account): Add a new local Windows account (child, guest, shared machine) from PowerShell instead of the Settings wizard. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Join a Domain or Workgroup with Add-Computer](https://cmdcv.com/en/join-domain-add-computer): Attach a Windows PC to an Active Directory domain (or pull it back to a workgroup) with one PowerShell command. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Rename Your PC with Rename-Computer](https://cmdcv.com/en/rename-computer-powershell): Change the Windows computer name from PowerShell in one command instead of digging through Settings. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Instant Command Cheat Sheets with curl cht.sh](https://cmdcv.com/en/cht-sh-cheatsheet-terminal): Query cheat.sh from the terminal to get concise, example-first help for any command — including specific subcommand recipes — without leaving the shell. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [The PATH Variable Explained — Add a Tools Folder on Linux](https://cmdcv.com/en/linux-path-variable-explained): What PATH is, why the shell searches it in order, and the safe way to prepend your own bin directory so personal scripts run from anywhere. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Pick Random Lines or Numbers with shuf](https://cmdcv.com/en/shuf-random-selection): Shuffle input or draw N random picks from a file, an argument list, or a numeric range — the coreutils way to randomize anything. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Clean Up Temp Files with bash trap on Exit](https://cmdcv.com/en/trap-cleanup-on-exit): Register a cleanup handler that runs when your script exits normally, is interrupted with Ctrl-C, or is killed with SIGTERM. — risk: high; updated: 2026-09-18 - [type vs which vs command -v — Find What a Command Really Is](https://cmdcv.com/en/command-which-type-distinctions): Resolve whether a command is an alias, shell builtin, function, or executable — and see every copy on your PATH — with the right tool for each job. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Show Timestamps in Bash History (HISTTIMEFORMAT)](https://cmdcv.com/en/bash-history-timestamps): Make `history` print the date and time each command was executed by setting the HISTTIMEFORMAT variable in your shell config. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Clean Disk Space and Traces with bleachbit CLI](https://cmdcv.com/en/bleachbit-clean-disk): Preview available cleaners, then wipe caches, logs and activity traces from the terminal — as user or system-wide with sudo. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Encrypted Incremental Backups with duplicity](https://cmdcv.com/en/duplicity-encrypted-backup): Create GPG-encrypted, incremental backups of your folders to a local disk or remote storage, and verify that the backup restores correctly. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Sandbox an Application with Firejail](https://cmdcv.com/en/firejail-sandbox-application): Isolate any program from the rest of your system using Linux namespaces — hide your home folder, cut the network, or apply the app's built-in security profile. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Scan for Rootkits with rkhunter](https://cmdcv.com/en/rkhunter-rootkit-scan): Run a full rootkit, backdoor, and local-exploit scan from the terminal and review the pass/warning summary and log. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Create and Restore System Snapshots with Timeshift](https://cmdcv.com/en/timeshift-snapshot-restore): Protect your OS settings with rsync snapshots you can roll back to after a broken update — the Linux equivalent of System Restore. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Manage Passwords in the Terminal with keepassxc-cli](https://cmdcv.com/en/keepassxc-cli-password-manager): Create an encrypted password vault, add entries, generate strong passwords, and look up secrets — all from the command line with the KeePassXC format. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check Secure Boot Status with mokutil](https://cmdcv.com/en/mokutil-secure-boot-status): Read the live Secure Boot state from UEFI firmware — 'SecureBoot enabled' or 'disabled' — in one command, no reboot into firmware setup required. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Edit MP3 Tags (Artist, Album, Track) with id3v2](https://cmdcv.com/en/id3v2-edit-mp3-tags): Read and rewrite the ID3 metadata of MP3 files from the terminal so music libraries organize songs under the right artist and album. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Download YouTube Audio as MP3 with yt-dlp](https://cmdcv.com/en/yt-dlp-extract-mp3): Extract just the sound track from an online video and convert it to MP3 in one command, with best-quality VBR encoding. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Take Screenshots from a Video with mpv](https://cmdcv.com/en/mpv-screenshot-from-video): Capture the exact frame you're watching as a PNG or JPEG while playing any video — press s during playback or set the options up front. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Test Your Webcam from the Terminal with ffplay](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffplay-test-camera): Open a live preview window of /dev/video0 in one command to confirm the camera works before joining a video call. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Record Your Microphone from the Terminal with arecord](https://cmdcv.com/en/arecord-record-microphone): Capture 10 seconds of CD-quality audio with a live VU meter to verify your mic works, then play it back with aplay. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Add Fade In and Fade Out to a Video with FFmpeg](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-fade-in-out): Fade a clip in from black and out to black — video and audio together — using the fade and afade filters in one command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Crop a Video with FFmpeg](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-crop-video): Trim unwanted borders or content from the sides of a video using the crop filter, keeping the audio stream untouched. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Change Video Playback Speed with FFmpeg](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-change-playback-speed): Make a video play faster or slower by adjusting video timestamps and audio tempo together, so picture and sound stay in sync. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Rotate a Video 90 Degrees with FFmpeg](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-rotate-video): Turn a sideways or upside-down phone video upright using the transpose filter. One flag rotates clockwise, counterclockwise, or flips. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Burn Subtitles into a Video with FFmpeg (Hardsub)](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-burn-subtitles): Render an .srt file directly onto the video frames so the text becomes part of the picture and plays everywhere, with styling control via force_style. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Add an SRT Subtitle Track to a Video with FFmpeg](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-add-subtitle-track): Mux an external .srt file into an MP4 as a soft subtitle track that viewers can turn on or off, without re-encoding the video. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Merge Multiple Videos into One with FFmpeg](https://cmdcv.com/en/ffmpeg-merge-videos-concat): Concatenate several video clips end-to-end into a single file using FFmpeg's concat demuxer, with no re-encoding and no quality loss when formats match. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Create Nested Folders in One Go with mkdir -p](https://cmdcv.com/en/create-nested-folders-mkdir-p): Build a whole folder path — parents included — with a single mkdir command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Run AppleScript One-Liners from the Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/run-applescript-one-liner-osascript): Drive apps, windows, and dialogs with a single osascript -e command. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Extract a .pkg Installer's Contents with pkgutil --expand-full](https://cmdcv.com/en/extract-pkg-files-pkgutil): See every file a package would install — without running the installer. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Expand a Signed .xip Archive with xip -x](https://cmdcv.com/en/expand-xip-archive-xip): Unpack Apple's .xip packages (Xcode and friends) from the Terminal. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Save a Folder Listing to a Text File](https://cmdcv.com/en/save-folder-listing-to-file): Export what is inside a folder — names, sizes, dates — into a plain text file. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Read Large Files Comfortably with less](https://cmdcv.com/en/view-large-file-less): Page through huge files instantly, with search and line numbers built in. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Find Duplicate Files by Checksum](https://cmdcv.com/en/find-duplicate-files-hash): List files whose contents are byte-for-byte identical, even with different names. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Copy Files with a Progress Bar using rsync](https://cmdcv.com/en/copy-with-progress-rsync): Watch a live transfer percentage when copying large files — cp stays silent. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Show Folder Sizes Sorted with du -sh](https://cmdcv.com/en/show-folder-size-du-sh): Rank every folder by disk usage, biggest last, in human-readable units. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Flatten Nested Folders with find and mv](https://cmdcv.com/en/flatten-folder-structure): Move every file from all subfolders up into the top-level folder in one command. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Back Up a File with Today's Date in the Name](https://cmdcv.com/en/backup-file-date-suffix): Make an instant timestamped copy before touching an important file. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Move a File to the Trash from the Terminal (Recoverable)](https://cmdcv.com/en/move-file-to-trash-osascript): Delete with a safety net: Finder moves the file to the Trash instead of erasing it. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Zip a Folder While Excluding Files with -x](https://cmdcv.com/en/zip-exclude-files): Compress a directory and skip junk files in the same command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Extract a ZIP Archive with unzip](https://cmdcv.com/en/unzip-extract-zip-archive): Unzip files into a specific folder and see exactly what was extracted. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Quick Look a File from the Terminal with qlmanage -p](https://cmdcv.com/en/quicklook-preview-terminal): Open the same spacebar preview you use in Finder, but launched from the shell. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Merge PDFs with the Built-in Automator join Tool](https://cmdcv.com/en/merge-pdf-files): Concatenate PDF files in order using macOS's hidden Combine PDF Pages binary. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Rename Files with Sequence Numbers in a Shell Loop](https://cmdcv.com/en/rename-files-sequence-numbers): Number a batch of files in order using a one-line for loop — no third-party renamer needed. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Print a File from the Terminal with lp](https://cmdcv.com/en/print-file-terminal-lp): Send PDFs, text, and images straight to any configured printer. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Split a Large Zip into Multi-Part Archives](https://cmdcv.com/en/split-zip-archive-zip): Break a huge archive into fixed-size pieces and rejoin them later with one command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Merge Folders with ditto (No Replace Dialog)](https://cmdcv.com/en/merge-folders-ditto): Add every file from one folder into another, overwriting name collisions silently. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Compare Two Folders with diff -rq](https://cmdcv.com/en/compare-two-folders-diff-rq): Find files that differ or exist in only one of two folders, in one line. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Convert a DMG to ISO with hdiutil convert](https://cmdcv.com/en/convert-disk-image-hdiutil-convert): Change a disk image between formats — DMG to ISO/CDR and back — in one command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Eject a Disk or Volume with hdiutil detach](https://cmdcv.com/en/eject-disk-hdiutil-detach): Unmount and eject external drives and disk images from the command line. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Mount a DMG or ISO Disk Image with hdiutil attach](https://cmdcv.com/en/mount-disk-image-hdiutil-attach): Attach disk images from the command line and get the mount point printed in the Terminal. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Create a Disk Image from a Folder with hdiutil](https://cmdcv.com/en/create-disk-image-from-folder-hdiutil): Turn an entire folder into a compressed .dmg disk image without any extra software. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Auto-logout idle terminal sessions (TMOUT)](https://cmdcv.com/en/auto-logout-idle-tmout): Have bash close your shell after a period of inactivity — ideal for shared or lab machines. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Disable root SSH login on your server](https://cmdcv.com/en/sshd-disable-root-login): One of the first hardening steps: no more direct root connections from the internet. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check if a reboot is required after updates](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-reboot-required-after-updates): Read the reboot-required flag that tells you the running kernel or libraries are outdated. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Find user accounts with empty passwords](https://cmdcv.com/en/audit-empty-password-users): A quick audit that catches passwordless accounts — a silent backdoor on any Linux box. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Encrypt a folder with gocryptfs](https://cmdcv.com/en/gocryptfs-encrypt-folder): Create a password-protected encrypted directory that mounts like a normal folder. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Clear your bash command history](https://cmdcv.com/en/clear-bash-history-privacy): Wipe the current session's history and the saved history file. — risk: high; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Audit world-writable files in your home directory](https://cmdcv.com/en/find-world-writable-files-audit): List every file that any user on the system could modify. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Change your own password on Linux](https://cmdcv.com/en/passwd-change-own-password): The standard passwd command — no sudo needed for your own account. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Turn on automatic security updates](https://cmdcv.com/en/unattended-upgrades-enable-auto-updates): Let Debian/Ubuntu install security patches on its own with unattended-upgrades. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [See which DNS servers you're using](https://cmdcv.com/en/resolvectl-show-dns-servers): Show the per-connection resolver settings that systemd-resolved is actually applying. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Create a Wi-Fi hotspot from the terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/nmcli-create-wifi-hotspot): Share your laptop's internet connection with phones using one nmcli command. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Test LAN transfer speed with iperf3](https://cmdcv.com/en/iperf3-lan-speed-test): Measure the real throughput between two machines on your network — great for checking Wi-Fi vs Ethernet. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Wake a computer over the network (Wake-on-LAN)](https://cmdcv.com/en/wake-on-lan-etherwake-wakeonlan): Send a magic packet to a sleeping machine's MAC address to power it on remotely. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Set custom DNS servers with nmcli](https://cmdcv.com/en/nmcli-set-dns-servers): Point a Wi-Fi or wired profile at faster or privacy-friendly resolvers like 1.1.1.1. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [List paired Bluetooth devices with bluetoothctl](https://cmdcv.com/en/bluetoothctl-list-paired-devices): See which headsets, keyboards and phones are paired, and clean up dead entries. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Turn Wi-Fi or Bluetooth back on with rfkill](https://cmdcv.com/en/rfkill-toggle-wifi-bluetooth): Check and clear the software radio block that silently disables wireless devices. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Block a website using the /etc/hosts file](https://cmdcv.com/en/block-website-hosts-file-linux): Redirect a domain to 127.0.0.1 so no browser on this machine can open it. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check Wi-Fi signal strength from the terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/iw-wifi-signal-strength-link): Show the dBm signal, frequency and negotiated speed of your current Wi-Fi connection. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Track monthly data usage with vnstat](https://cmdcv.com/en/vnstat-monthly-bandwidth-usage): A lightweight daemon logs traffic per interface so you can check daily and monthly totals anytime. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Find which app is eating your bandwidth (nethogs)](https://cmdcv.com/en/nethogs-per-app-bandwidth-usage): Live per-program upload/download speeds, like Task Manager's network tab. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Change your MAC address with macchanger](https://cmdcv.com/en/macchanger-change-mac-address): Give your Wi-Fi or Ethernet card a random hardware address for privacy. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check your MAC address on Linux](https://cmdcv.com/en/mac-address-show-ip-link): Display the hardware address of every network interface. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Download files faster with aria2 multi-connection](https://cmdcv.com/en/aria2-multi-connection-download): Split a download across 16 connections to use your full bandwidth. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Share a folder over the network with one command](https://cmdcv.com/en/python-http-server-share-files): Serve a directory as a download page that other devices can open in a browser. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Test your internet speed from the terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/speedtest-cli-internet-speed-test): Measure ping, download and upload speed without opening a browser. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Limit Battery Charging to 80% via sysfs](https://cmdcv.com/en/set-battery-charge-threshold): Write charge_control_end_threshold in /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/ to stop charging early and extend battery lifespan. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [List Installed Packages with dpkg -l](https://cmdcv.com/en/list-installed-packages-dpkg): Enumerate every installed package on Debian/Ubuntu with dpkg -l, filter by name and count them. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Switch Power Modes with powerprofilesctl](https://cmdcv.com/en/powerprofilesctl-power-mode): Set the system power profile (performance, balanced, power-saver) from the terminal via power-profiles-daemon. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Full Hardware Summary with inxi -Fxz](https://cmdcv.com/en/inxi-system-summary): Use inxi -Fxz to produce a compact, paste-ready report of CPU, GPU, RAM, disks, network, kernel and desktop environment. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Mount and Eject USB Drives with udisksctl](https://cmdcv.com/en/udisksctl-mount-usb-drive): Mount a USB partition to /media with udisksctl mount, unmount it safely, and power off the drive for physical removal. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Set Output Volume with pactl set-sink-volume](https://cmdcv.com/en/pactl-set-sink-volume): Change the volume of the default audio output (or any sink) from the terminal with pactl, including relative steps. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Rebuild the Font Cache with fc-cache](https://cmdcv.com/en/fc-cache-refresh-font-cache): Run fc-cache -f after installing fonts so applications detect them without logging out. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Force-Close a Frozen Window with xkill](https://cmdcv.com/en/xkill-close-frozen-app): Run xkill and click any misbehaving window to terminate that application immediately. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Adjust Mouse Speed and Acceleration with xinput](https://cmdcv.com/en/xinput-mouse-speed): Set libinput Accel Speed per device with xinput for finer pointer-speed control than the desktop slider. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Create a Swap File (fallocate + mkswap + swapon)](https://cmdcv.com/en/create-swap-file): Add swap space without repartitioning by creating a /swapfile, formatting it with mkswap and enabling it with swapon. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Set the GNOME Wallpaper from the Terminal (gsettings)](https://cmdcv.com/en/gsettings-set-wallpaper): Point org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri (and picture-uri-dark) at a file:// URI to change the desktop background from a script. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Enable GNOME Dark Mode from the Terminal (gsettings)](https://cmdcv.com/en/gsettings-dark-mode): Toggle GNOME's system-wide dark preference with gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface color-scheme prefer-dark. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [List Installed Fonts with fc-list](https://cmdcv.com/en/fc-list-find-fonts): Use fc-list to enumerate installed fonts and find exact family names for terminal, CSS or editor font settings. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Set Default Applications per File Type (xdg-mime)](https://cmdcv.com/en/xdg-mime-set-default-app): Use xdg-mime default to choose which app opens a MIME type such as PDF, and query commands to discover types and current defaults. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Copy to the Clipboard from the Terminal (xclip / wl-copy)](https://cmdcv.com/en/clipboard-xclip-wl-copy): Pipe any text into xclip -selection clipboard on X11 or wl-copy on Wayland to place it on the clipboard. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Take Screenshots from the Terminal (scrot / gnome-screenshot)](https://cmdcv.com/en/screenshot-cli-scrot-gnome): Capture the full screen, a window or a selected area to a timestamped PNG using scrot or gnome-screenshot. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Reboot Directly into UEFI/BIOS Setup](https://cmdcv.com/en/reboot-firmware-setup-uefi): Use systemctl reboot --firmware-setup to restart Linux straight into the motherboard's firmware setup screen. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Suspend or Hibernate from the Terminal (systemctl)](https://cmdcv.com/en/systemctl-suspend-hibernate): Use systemctl suspend for sleep-to-RAM and systemctl hibernate for sleep-to-disk, plus hybrid-sleep and suspend-then-hibernate variants. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Lock Your Screen from the Terminal (loginctl lock-session)](https://cmdcv.com/en/lock-session-from-terminal): Use loginctl lock-session to lock the current desktop session, or lock-suspend to lock and suspend in one step. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [List Connected USB Devices with lsusb](https://cmdcv.com/en/lsusb-list-usb-devices): Use lsusb to identify plugged-in USB devices by vendor and product ID, and lsusb -t for a topology tree with bus speeds. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Pair and Connect Bluetooth Headphones with bluetoothctl](https://cmdcv.com/en/bluetoothctl-pair-connect-headphones): Scan, pair, trust and connect Bluetooth headphones from the terminal using bluetoothctl, then route audio through PulseAudio or PipeWire. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Send Desktop Notifications from the Terminal with notify-send](https://cmdcv.com/en/notify-send-desktop-notification): Use notify-send to pop up a desktop notification when a long command finishes, with optional icons, urgency and timeouts. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Set the Default Browser with xdg-settings](https://cmdcv.com/en/xdg-settings-default-browser): Use xdg-settings set default-web-browser to change the system default browser from the terminal, on GNOME, KDE, XFCE and more. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Change Keyboard Layout with localectl](https://cmdcv.com/en/localectl-set-keyboard-layout): Use localectl set-x11-keymap to set the system-wide keyboard layout and localectl set-keymap for the text console. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Set Screen Brightness from the Terminal (/sys Backlight)](https://cmdcv.com/en/screen-brightness-backlight): Read and write /sys/class/backlight/.../brightness to change laptop screen brightness, or use brightnessctl for a friendlier percentage-based interface. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Find Your Mac's Wi-Fi MAC Address](https://cmdcv.com/en/networksetup-get-mac-address): Print the hardware (MAC) address of a network service's interface with networksetup -getmacaddress. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Switch Network Locations from the Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/networksetup-switch-network-location): Change the active network location (a saved profile of DNS, proxy and service settings) with networksetup -switchtolocation. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [View DNS Search Domains for a Network Service](https://cmdcv.com/en/networksetup-view-search-domains): Use networksetup -getsearchdomains to see which search domains macOS appends to short hostnames on Wi-Fi or Ethernet. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Delete a File with Overwrite (rm -P)](https://cmdcv.com/en/rm-secure-overwrite-file): Use rm -P to overwrite a sensitive file before removal instead of just unlinking it. — risk: high; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Lock and Unlock Your Keychain from the Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/security-lock-unlock-keychain): Manually lock the login keychain with security lock-keychain so no app can read saved passwords until it is unlocked. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check if Screen Sharing Is Running](https://cmdcv.com/en/launchctl-check-screensharing): Inspect the com.apple.screensharing launchd service to see whether VNC-style screen sharing is active. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check Whether Remote Login (SSH) Is Enabled](https://cmdcv.com/en/systemsetup-remote-login-status): Use systemsetup -getremotelogin to see if other machines can SSH into this Mac. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check Whether Gatekeeper Is Enabled](https://cmdcv.com/en/spctl-gatekeeper-status): Use spctl --status to see if macOS's download-app verification (Gatekeeper) is turned on. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Check a Website's Certificate Expiry Date](https://cmdcv.com/en/check-certificate-expiry): Use openssl s_client piped to x509 -dates to print notBefore and notAfter of a live TLS certificate. — risk: low; updated: 2026-09-18 - [Delete a Saved Password from the Keychain](https://cmdcv.com/en/security-delete-keychain-item): Remove an obsolete generic-password item (app or service password) from the login keychain with the security command. — risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-18 ## Guides (scenarios & problem fixes) - [External monitor not detected on Mac: diagnose and fix it from the Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/external-monitor-not-detected-on-mac-diagnose-and-fix-it-from-th): Find out whether macOS detects your external monitor, re-apply a working display mode with displayplacer, and verify the connection is healthy. — symptom, 3 steps; risk: low; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Why can't I eject my external disk because it is in use on macOS?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/why-cant-i-eject-my-external-disk-because-it-is-in-use-on-macos): A terminal-first walkthrough to find what is holding your external disk open on macOS and eject it safely, from quitting apps to forcing an unmount. — symptom, 8 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Why does my Time Machine backup keep failing?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/why-does-my-time-machine-backup-keep-failing): Diagnose and fix recurring Time Machine backup failures on macOS from the Terminal: check status, verify the destination, and confirm a completed backup. — symptom, 7 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [SSH into a server from macOS](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/ssh-into-a-server-from-macos): A verified, step-by-step path to opening a secure shell on a remote server using the tools already on your Mac. — scenario, 4 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [What starts automatically at login on my Mac?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/what-starts-automatically-at-login-on-my-mac): Track down everything macOS launches for you at login — Login Items, launchd user agents and system daemons — from the Terminal, then switch off the ones you never asked for. — symptom, 6 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Why is my Mac using so much memory and swap?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/why-is-my-mac-using-so-much-memory-and-swap): Find out how much RAM you really have, identify the process eating your memory with vmmap, and flush the cache to ease swap pressure. — symptom, 3 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Manage Windows startup programs](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/manage-windows-startup-programs-startup-folder-and-services): Control what runs when Windows starts: open the Startup folder, change service startup types, and handle Fast Startup quirks. — scenario, 3 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Linux disk full: diagnose and reclaim space](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/linux-disk-full-diagnose-and-reclaim-space-from-the-terminal): A problem-fix walkthrough for a full Linux disk: find the culprit filesystem, remove space hogs, sweep caches, and verify the space came back. — symptom, 5 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Fix “Your disk is almost full” on a Mac](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/fix-your-disk-is-almost-full-on-a-mac): A diagnose-fix-verify walkthrough for a full macOS disk: measure real free space, map APFS volumes, clear local Time Machine snapshots, and confirm the space came back. — symptom, 6 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Mac Wi-Fi keeps disconnecting: diagnose and fix it](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/fix-wi-fi-that-keeps-disconnecting-on-mac): Diagnose and fix repeated Wi-Fi dropouts on macOS using built-in terminal tools: check your connection, read signal stats, reset the interface, and verify the link holds. — symptom, 7 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Linux out of memory: diagnose the OOM killer and stop the freezes](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/linux-out-of-memory-diagnose-the-oom-killer-and-stop-the-freezes): Confirm out-of-memory kills in the kernel log, find the memory hog, install earlyoom, and tune swappiness so your Linux box stays responsive. — symptom, 7 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Linux service failed to start: diagnose and fix it](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/linux-service-failed-to-start-diagnose-and-fix-it): A step-by-step systemd troubleshooting guide: check status, read the journal, fix the unit file, reload, and restart. — symptom, 8 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Linux high CPU usage: find the culprit and take back your machine](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/linux-high-cpu-usage-find-the-culprit-and-take-back-your-machine): A terminal-first workflow to diagnose high CPU usage on Linux, identify the responsible process or service, and fix it without losing your work. — symptom, 7 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Windows Update stuck: diagnose and fix it from the command line](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/windows-update-stuck-diagnose-and-fix-it-from-the-command-line): A symptom-driven guide to a frozen Windows Update: check update history, repair system files and the component store, reset update components, and install via PowerShell. — symptom, 6 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Windows high disk usage: diagnose and fix it from the command line](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/windows-high-disk-usage-diagnose-and-fix-it-from-the-command-lin): A step-by-step problem-fix guide for Windows: identify your disks, rule out failing hardware, find the process or service hammering the disk, optimize the drive, and verify the file system is clean. — symptom, 7 steps; risk: low; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Windows Wi-Fi keeps disconnecting: diagnose and fix it](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/windows-wi-fi-keeps-disconnecting-diagnose-and-fix-it): Find out why your Windows PC keeps dropping Wi-Fi using netsh diagnostics, then clean up the saved profile and reconnect. — symptom, 5 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Mac Overheating with High CPU Usage: Diagnose and Fix from the Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/mac-overheating-with-high-cpu-usage-diagnose-and-fix-from-the-te): Find the process overheating your Mac with one-shot CPU snapshots, live monitors and disk/network tracing, then fix the cause and verify the machine cools down. — symptom, 8 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Fix “app is damaged and cannot be opened” on macOS](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/fix-app-is-damaged-and-cannot-be-opened-on-macos): Diagnose why macOS says an app is damaged, then fix it with a per-app Gatekeeper rule or by clearing the quarantine flag — without disabling system-wide protection. — symptom, 6 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Mac battery draining fast: diagnose and fix it from the terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/mac-battery-draining-fast-diagnose-and-fix-it-from-the-terminal): Check battery health, hunt down CPU-hungry and sleep-blocking processes, and tune sleep settings to stop fast battery drain on macOS. — symptom, 6 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Spotlight not indexing on Mac: diagnose and fix it](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/spotlight-not-indexing-on-mac-diagnose-and-fix-it): Find out why Spotlight returns no results — disabled indexing or a corrupted index — and rebuild it from the terminal. — symptom, 4 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Linux disk health check: verify your drive from the terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/linux-disk-health-check-verify-your-drive-from-the-terminal): A step-by-step terminal checklist to check disk health on Linux: rule out full space and inodes, read the SMART self-assessment, and check live I/O per process. — scenario, 5 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Linux network down or flaky: diagnose and fix it from the terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/linux-network-down-or-flaky-diagnose-and-fix-it-from-the-termina): A step-by-step problem-fix guide for Linux network trouble: check interfaces and routes, hunt packet loss along the path, reconnect Wi-Fi, and verify connectivity end to end. — symptom, 7 steps; risk: low; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Windows Bluetooth not working: diagnose and fix it](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/windows-bluetooth-not-working-diagnose-and-fix-it): A step-by-step command-line guide to find out why Bluetooth is not working on Windows and get it back — from device status to services to drivers. — symptom, 5 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Windows battery report: check your laptop battery health from the command line](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/windows-battery-report-check-your-laptop-battery-health-from-the): Generate a Windows battery report with powercfg, check live charge status, and trace what is draining power — all from the terminal. — scenario, 4 steps; risk: low; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Check disk health on Windows: diagnose and fix it from the command line](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/check-disk-health-on-windows-diagnose-and-fix-it-from-the-comman): Check your Windows drives' hardware health, scan for file system errors, and schedule a repair — all from PowerShell and the command prompt. — symptom, 4 steps; risk: low; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Windows slow boot: diagnose and fix it from the command line](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/windows-slow-boot-diagnose-and-fix-it-from-the-command-line): A step-by-step CLI guide to finding out why Windows starts slowly — boot config, event log errors, startup bloat — and the fixes that actually help. — symptom, 7 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Fix a Bluetooth device that will not connect on macOS](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/fix-a-bluetooth-device-that-will-not-connect-on-macos): Diagnose a stubborn Bluetooth device with system_profiler, then power-cycle Bluetooth and restart bluetoothd to get it connected again. — symptom, 4 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Check disk and SSD health on macOS](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/check-disk-and-ssd-health-on-macos): Find out whether your Mac's disk is healthy: check SMART status, rule out a full disk, verify the filesystem, and repair errors from the terminal. — symptom, 5 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Mac slow after an update: diagnose and fix it from the Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/mac-slow-after-an-update-diagnose-and-fix-it-from-the-terminal): A symptom-first walkthrough for a Mac that became sluggish after a macOS update: check disks, repair the filesystem, audit background agents, rebuild Spotlight, and confirm updates. — symptom, 5 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Why is screen recording permission not working on my Mac?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/why-is-screen-recording-permission-not-working-on-my-mac): Diagnose and fix macOS screen-recording permission problems: test capture, reset the app's TCC consent so macOS asks again, and verify recording works. — symptom, 4 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [AirDrop not working on Mac: diagnose and fix it from the Terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/airdrop-not-working-on-mac-diagnose-and-fix-it-from-the-terminal): Step-by-step Terminal guide to fix AirDrop on macOS: check awdl0, restart sharingd, bounce the wireless interface, and verify Bluetooth is healthy. — symptom, 6 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Check open ports on Linux](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/check-open-ports-on-linux): A practical checklist for finding which ports are open on a Linux machine or across your network, from local sockets to a full nmap scan. — scenario, 4 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Linux SSH connection refused: diagnose and fix it](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/linux-ssh-connection-refused-diagnose-and-fix-it): SSH refuses to connect to your Linux server? Test the port, check sshd, open the firewall, and validate the config — in that order. — symptom, 4 steps; risk: high; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Linux permission denied: diagnose and fix it from the terminal](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/linux-permission-denied-diagnose-and-fix-it-from-the-terminal): A step-by-step guide to finding out why Linux says 'permission denied' and fixing it with stat, groups, chown, and chmod. — symptom, 6 steps; risk: high; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Why is Windows using so much memory?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/why-is-windows-using-so-much-memory): Diagnose which processes and services are consuming your RAM on Windows, and verify the fix from the command line. — symptom, 6 steps; risk: low; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Why won't my Windows PC shut down?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/why-wont-my-windows-pc-shut-down): Windows hangs on shutdown or never powers off? Diagnose it from the event log, cancel stuck shutdown timers, disable Fast Startup and verify a clean shutdown from the command line. — symptom, 5 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Why does my Mac keep waking up from sleep?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/why-does-my-mac-keep-waking-up-from-sleep): Find out what is waking your Mac and stop it, using only built-in macOS power-management tools. — symptom, 6 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-21 - [How do I find duplicate files taking up space on my Mac?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/how-do-i-find-duplicate-files-taking-up-space-on-my-mac): Locate and remove byte-for-byte duplicate files from the macOS Terminal: rank folders by size, list duplicates by checksum, delete them in one batch, and verify the reclaimed space. — symptom, 5 steps; risk: high; updated: 2026-09-21 - [Why is Windows Firewall blocking my app?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/why-is-windows-firewall-blocking-my-app): App can't connect? Windows Firewall might be blocking it. Learn how to diagnose and fix it with netsh and PowerShell. — symptom, 3 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Why does my Windows Event Log keep showing errors?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/why-does-my-windows-event-log-keep-showing-errors): Work through repeating System and Application errors in the right order: query the log properly, look at the other places errors hide, then confirm the noise actually stops. — symptom, 7 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Why is my network adapter missing on Windows?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/why-is-my-network-adapter-missing-on-windows): When Windows shows no Wi-Fi or Ethernet adapter at all, the hardware is usually fine — it is drivers, power management or a broken network stack. These command-line steps narrow down which one in minutes. — symptom, 6 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Why can't I delete a file because it is in use on Windows?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/why-cant-i-delete-a-file-because-it-is-in-use-on-windows): A file refuses to delete because another program holds it open. Confirm the lock, find the owner, close it, then remove the file for good. — symptom, 7 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Why won't my Windows service start?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/why-wont-my-windows-service-start): A Windows service that refuses to start usually has a reason hiding in the event log. Check its status and startup type, read the error, then reset it to Automatic and restart it — all from the command line. — symptom, 4 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Why is my Linux system slow with high I/O wait?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/why-is-my-linux-system-slow-with-high-io-wait): Diagnose high I/O wait on Linux: find the saturated disk and the process causing it, then lower its I/O priority so the system responds again. — symptom, 4 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Why is my Linux firewall blocking a port?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/why-is-my-linux-firewall-blocking-a-port): A service starts fine and works on localhost, but remote clients hang or get refused. Work from the client inward: probe the port, check the listener, read the firewalld or ufw ruleset, open the port permanently, then verify with an external scan. — symptom, 7 steps; risk: high; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Why do I get “too many open files” and zombie processes?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/why-do-i-get-too-many-open-files-and-zombie-processes): Find the process leaking file descriptors with ss and lsof, then raise the limit with ulimit and make it persist across logins. — symptom, 4 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Why does “device or resource busy” stop me from unmounting on Linux?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/why-does-device-or-resource-busy-stop-me-from-unmounting-on-linu): Unmount fails because a process still has a file open on that filesystem. Find the holder, stop it, then unmount cleanly. — symptom, 4 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Why is DNS resolution not working on Linux?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/why-is-dns-resolution-not-working-on-linux): Diagnose and fix DNS resolution failures on systemd-based Linux: confirm the interface has an IP, inspect the live resolver status, query the resolver directly, flush the stub cache and set known-good DNS servers. — symptom, 6 steps; risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Why does my Linux clock keep drifting out of sync?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/why-does-my-linux-clock-keep-drifting-out-of-sync): Diagnose and fix Linux clock drift and NTP sync issues using chrony, timedatectl, and network checks. — symptom, 3 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [How do I find and kill the process holding a port on Windows?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/how-do-i-find-and-kill-the-process-holding-a-port-on-windows): Use PowerShell to identify the PID listening on a Windows port, kill it, and confirm the port is free. — symptom, 2 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [How do I find duplicate files by hash on Windows?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/how-do-i-find-duplicate-files-by-hash-on-windows): Use PowerShell to group files by SHA256 and confirm identical copies before you delete anything. — symptom, 3 steps; risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [How do I clear temporary files on Windows?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/how-do-i-clear-temporary-files-on-windows): Use forfiles to preview old files, clear %TEMP% with PowerShell, and confirm space is back with Disk Cleanup. — symptom, 3 steps; risk: high; updated: 2026-09-22 - [How do I watch a log file live as it is written on Linux?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/how-do-i-watch-a-log-file-live-as-it-is-written-on-linux): Follow a Linux log file in real time with less +F, tail -f and journalctl -f -u, and confirm that new lines are actually arriving as events happen. — symptom, 3 steps; risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [Why can't I delete a file that is locked or has a too-long path?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/why-cant-i-delete-a-file-that-is-locked-or-has-a-too-long-path): Work out whether a file is held open by a program, owned by a dead account, or sitting behind a path longer than 260 characters — then delete it with PowerShell, takeown/icacls and robocopy on Windows. — symptom, 3 steps; risk: high; updated: 2026-09-22 - [How do I check whether an app is properly code signed?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/how-do-i-check-whether-an-app-is-properly-code-signed): Use codesign and spctl to see whether a macOS app's code signature is valid, intact and acceptable to Gatekeeper. — symptom, 5 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [How do I check my internet speed on a Mac?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/how-do-i-check-my-internet-speed-on-a-mac): Measure your Mac's real internet speed from Terminal with Apple's built-in networkQuality tool, then use ping and curl to find out whether the slowdown is your Wi-Fi, your Mac, or your provider. — symptom, 4 steps; risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [How do I show hidden files and folders in Windows Explorer?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/how-do-i-show-hidden-files-and-folders-in-windows-explorer): Hidden files and folders are invisible by default in Windows Explorer. Fix it by toggling the Explorer registry values for Hidden and ShowSuperHidden. — symptom, 3 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 - [How do I find out my IP address on Linux?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/how-do-i-find-out-my-ip-address-on-linux): Three commands to see your Linux machine's IP: list every interface, ask the kernel which source address it really uses, and confirm it sits on the default route. — symptom, 3 steps; risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [How do I find the biggest directories on a full Linux disk?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/how-do-i-find-the-biggest-directories-on-a-full-linux-disk): Use du to map which directories are eating your Linux disk, ncdu to drill in and delete the worst offenders, then a second measurement to confirm the space came back. — symptom, 3 steps; risk: low; updated: 2026-09-22 - [How do I see which process is hammering the disk on Linux?](https://cmdcv.com/en/guides/how-do-i-see-which-process-is-hammering-the-disk-on-linux): A terminal walkthrough to find the process behind constant disk I/O on Linux, confirm it is a sustained hog, and verify the disk has calmed down. — symptom, 3 steps; risk: medium; updated: 2026-09-22 ## Optional - [Full text of every solution (en)](https://cmdcv.com/llms-full.txt?locale=en): direct answers, commands and undo commands in plain text - [RSS feed](https://cmdcv.com/feed.xml): newly updated solutions - [Sitemap](https://cmdcv.com/sitemap.xml): all URLs with hreflang alternates